| 干旱半干旱区山地森林的水分调节功能 |
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| 引用本文： | 王金叶,王艺林,金博文,车克钧.干旱半干旱区山地森林的水分调节功能[J].林业科学,2001,37(5):120-125. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王金叶 王艺林 金博文 车克钧 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 甘肃省张掖祁连山水源林研究所
2. 甘肃省祁连山国家级自然保护区管理局 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家林业局“九五”重点项目《甘肃祁连山森林水文生态功能定位研究》内容之一 |
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| 摘 要： | 处于中国西北干旱半干旱区的山地森林以独特的水文作用成9为山前平原及川区绿洲生态经济系统稳定发展的基础。以典型山地森林祁连山水源涵养林的主要群落青海云杉林为例，通过长期定位观测研究森林调节小气候的水文规律及功能，揭示了森林对降水的分配调节作用。森林通过林冠层截留降水使到达林内的降水量减少、强度降低、雨滴对地面的冲击减弱，避免林内发生地表径流引起水土流失；森林通过林冠层遮蔽减弱太阳辐射降低了林内土壤蒸发，保持林内湿度较高、土壤含有较多水分，为喜湿耐荫植物生长发育创造了适宜的阴湿环境，并提供了充足的水分条件；森林的蒸腾发散使同一高度林区上空的湿度比草地或裸地高，改变了局地大气环流，为降水形成准备了物质条件，起到了增加林区降水的作用。
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| 关 键 词： | 森林小气候 水文功能 干旱半干旱区 森林 水分调节功能 云杉材 |
| 修稿时间： | 2000年2月24日 |
STUDIES ON REGULATING FUNCTION OF FOREST HYDROLOGY AND MICROCLIMATE IN ARID AND SEMI-ARID AREA OF WEST CHINA |
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| Wang Jinye,Wang Yilin,Jin Bowen.STUDIES ON REGULATING FUNCTION OF FOREST HYDROLOGY AND MICROCLIMATE IN ARID AND SEMI-ARID AREA OF WEST CHINA[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2001,37(5):120-125. |
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| Authors: | Wang Jinye Wang Yilin Jin Bowen |
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| Institution: | Wang Jinye 1) Wang Yilin 3) Jin Bowen 4) (Institute of Water Resource Conservation Forest of Qilian Mountains Zhangye734000)Che Kejun 2) (National Nature Reserves Bureau of Qilian Mountains of Gansu Province Zhangye734000) |
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| Abstract: | The forests of Picea crassifolia in Qilian Mountains are typical mountain forests in arid and semi arid area of west China, its unique hydrological roles lay a foundation for the steady development of oasis ecological economic systems in the corridor. In this paper, the effects and functions of the forest on hydrological cycle and rainfall distribution were summarized through the long term fixed observing and studying . The results showed that the forests could reduce the amount and intensity of precipitation and evaporation inside forests by canopy interception, which could avoid the surface runoff, soil and water loss and keep the high air humidity and soil moisture content, provide shadow environment and enough water conditions for shade plants. The air humidity of forests area is larger than grasslands or bare lands at the same height because of the forest evaporation. In addition, forests change the regional air circulation, make material preparation for precipitation and take effect in increasing rainfalls of forest areas. |
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| Keywords: | Forest microclimate Hydrological function Arid and semi arid area Picea crassifolia |
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