| 氮肥施入深度对玉米产量效应的研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 徐桂玲,郝建平.氮肥施入深度对玉米产量效应的研究[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),1984(1). |
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| 作者姓名： | 徐桂玲 郝建平 |
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| 作者单位： | 山西农业大学农学系，山西农业大学农学系 |
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| 摘 要： | 根据国内外对氮肥应用的研究,多数认为:氮肥施于土壤后,作物利用率仅达30～70％,10～40％残留在土壤中,淋洗损失占5—10％,气态损失10—30％。可见氮素利用潜力很大。为挖掘氮的有效利用,我们于1981、1982两年在拔节期和孕穗期分别采用不同深度(表施、1—2寸、3—4寸、5—6寸、7—8寸)追施氮肥(硫铵、硝铵)的试验,以明确对玉米经济产量的效应。研究结果表明:深施肥对提高玉米氮肥利用率有明显效果。一、氮肥适当深施可增根、增叶,显著促进玉米的吸收和光合效能,导致提高产量构成因素,其中以穗粒数影响效应最大,千粒重次之。二、不同种类氮肥对施肥深度的反应是一致的,均为随施肥深度的增加产量增加,在追施3—8寸内,5—6寸为最佳施肥深度,3—4寸仅次于5—6寸。三、年际间增产效应一致,就两年施肥层次x(x=1时表示表施;x=2时表示1—2寸;x=3时表示3—4寸;x=4时表示5—6寸),与其相应产量y进行回归,F=145.66>F0.01=98.49(呈高度显著) y=1114.7+67.6x (x=1、2、3、4) 即施肥层次每增加两寸,产量相应提高67.6斤/亩,增产5.73％;若采用5—6寸深施,产量比表施提高202.8斤/亩,增产17.3％。
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STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF DEPTH OF APPLICATION OF N ON THE GRAIN YIELD OF MAIZE |
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| Abstract: | Basing upon the studies of Napplication throughout the world,that the efficiency of utilization of N being applied into soil is 30—70％ only,while 5—10 was leached,10—30 was volatilized,the rest 10—40％ was remainad in soil. These indicate that N utilization has great potential. The test was conducted on the Experiment Farm of Shanxi Agricultural Univresity through 1981 and 1982. The treatment of N (Ammonium sulph re, ammonium nitrate) including, of 4 treatments of depth of applicationl:top-dressing, 1—2 chun, 3—4 chun, 5—6 chun and 7—8 chun to investigate the effect of N on maize yield. Results showed that deeper application obviously increased the utilization of N:(1) Deep application improved the roots and leaves,increasedthe number of grains, sinceiit significantly improved the absorption photosynthetic efficiency, and yield components. Among the factors influencing the yield, the number of kernels per ear being the first,100-Kernel weight being the next. (2) Without exception, in this experiment all gave the same response to the depth.Yield increased with the increase of depth. 5—6 chun was the most suitable depth. The next was 3—8 chun,while 3—4 chun was recommended for field extension(8) The tendency of yield increase showed no diffrence between years. Different depths, throughout 1981 and 1982,re regressed with corresponding yield:F=145. 66>FO. O1=98.49,(highly significent) (?)=1114.7+67.6x(x=1,2,3,4) The Formula shows that as the depth of N application increases 2 chun, the grain yield increases 67.6 jin per mu, increasing 5.73％, When the depth increases tn 5—6 chun, the grain yield increases 202.8 jin per mu, i.e.17.3％. |
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