| 1949年以来河北省耕地利用转型特征及过程 |
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| 引用本文： | 秦彦杰,刘欣,赵艳霞,武爱彬,吴子龙.1949年以来河北省耕地利用转型特征及过程[J].农业工程学报,2022,38(12):260-269. |
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| 作者姓名： | 秦彦杰 刘欣 赵艳霞 武爱彬 吴子龙 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 河北省科学院地理科学研究所，石家庄 050011；2. 河北省地理信息开发应用技术创新中心，石家庄 050011;3. 邯郸学院生命科学与工程学院，邯郸 056005 |
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| 基金项目： | 河北省科技计划软科学研究专项（225576122D）；河北省社会科学基金项目（HB19JL015）；河北省科学院科技计划项目(19107、22111)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 把握耕地利用转型脉络是改进耕地资源管理模式的重要前提。该研究通过构建耕地利用形态的度量指标，刻画1949-2019年长时间序列变化特征，基于趋势性转折点诊断耕地利用形态转型期，分析不同转型期耕地转型的诱发路径。结果表明：1）河北省耕地利用形态表现出明显的转型特征。其中耕地利用面积以快速减少转变为缓慢减少为标志发生转型；耕地利用结构以水浇地占比超过50%为标志发生转型，由旱地为主逐渐向以水浇地为主演变；耕地利用强度表现为快速增强后平缓发展的趋势，耕地利用强度达到最高值后开始转型为平衡发展；耕地经营模式受政策驱动，由家庭分散经营逐渐向小农户与土地流转、土地托管等规模经营并存转型；耕地利用功能呈现上升-下降-上升的演变趋势，以耕地主导功能由社会功能向生产功能转变为标志发生转型。2）随着社会经济发展，河北省耕地利用形态相继发生转型。耕地类型结构、功能等形态在1975年和1995年完成转型，早于社会经济发展初级阶段向中高级阶段转型；耕地利用面积、耕地经营模式和利用强度等形态转型分别在2011、2002和2008年完成，晚于社会经济发展初级阶段向中高级阶段转型。3）人口增长、区域发展政策、社会发展与技术进步、农户土地利用行为等是区域耕地利用转型的重要诱发路径。
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| 关 键 词： | 耕地 功能 转型 类型 强度 规模经营 诱发路径 河北省 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022/4/28 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2022/6/14 0:00:00 |
Characteristics and process of the cultivated land use transformation in Hebei Province since 1949 |
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| Qin Yanjie,Liu Xin,Zhao Yanxi,Wu Aibin,Wu Zilong.Characteristics and process of the cultivated land use transformation in Hebei Province since 1949[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2022,38(12):260-269. |
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| Authors: | Qin Yanjie Liu Xin Zhao Yanxi Wu Aibin Wu Zilong |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Geographical Sciences, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050011, China; 2. Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Geographic Information Application, Shijiazhuang 050011, China;; 3. School of Life Science and Engineering, Handan University, Handan 056005, China |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: The rapid transformation of cultivated land use has posed a severe challenge to national food security in recent years. It is a high demand to promote the management mode of cultivated land resources in China. In this study, an index evaluation and trend analysis were adopted to clarify the transformation characteristics and evolution of cultivated land utilized in Hebei Province of China since 1949. Some dominant indicators (such as the area of cultivated land use, the type of structure), and some recessive indicators (such as the intensity of cultivated land use, the function, and management mode) were also constructed to determine the types of cultivated land use. The change characteristics of cultivated land use were also depicted in the study area from 1949 to 2019. The types of cultivated land use were diagnosed to determine the induced paths of transformation in the different periods using the turning point. Finally, the transformation characteristics were determined to clarify the evolution of cultivated land utilization. The results showed that: 1) The types of cultivated land use presented outstanding transformation characteristics. Specifically, the area of cultivated land use was changed from rapid to slow reduction. The utilization structure of cultivated land was characterized by more than 50 % of irrigated land, and then gradually evolved from dry land to irrigated land. The intensity of cultivated land utilization showed a trend of stable development after the rapid increase, and then the transformation into balanced development after reaching the highest intensity. The management mode of cultivated land was driven by the policy and gradually transformed from the family decentralized management to small farmers, land transfer, and land trusteeship. The utilization function of cultivated land showed an upward-downward-upward evolution, indicating the leading function of cultivated land from the social to production function. 2) The types of cultivated land use were transformed significantly with the development of society and economy. The structure and function of cultivated land use were fully transformed in 1975 and 1995, which were earlier than the transformation stage of social-economy development from the primary to the middle-advanced stage. The transformation of cultivated land use areas, management mode, and utilization intensity were completed in 2011, 2002, and 2008, respectively, which were later than the transformation stage. 3) The population growth, regional development policies, social development, and technological progress, farmers'' land use behavior were the important evoked pathways of regional cultivated land use transformation. Among them, the change in cultivated land-use patterns was attributed to the decision-making on the scarcity of cultivated land resources in the regional development policies. There was strong mutual feedback between the population growth/migration and cultivated land use transformation. Social development and technological progress posed a great impact on the transformation of cultivated land utilization through the recessive types. Farmers'' land use behavior and decision-making were the micro factors of cultivated land use transformation. Finally, the protection policies of cultivated land use were formulated for the current transformation stage. The specific path was determined to control the structural change of cultivated land use types, in order to promote rural development using the large-scale management of cultivated land. |
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| Keywords: | cultivated land function transformation type intension scale operation evoked pathway Hebei Province |
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