Distribution of 32 Elements in Organic Surface Soils: Contributions from Atmospheric Transport of Pollutants and Natural Sources |
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| Authors: | Tord Nygård Eiliv Steinnes Oddvar Røyset |
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| Institution: | 1.Department of Chemistry,Norwegian University of Science and Technology,Trondheim,Norway;2.Norwegian Institute for Air Research,Kjeller,Norway;3.CG Rieber Oils AS,Kristiansund N,Norway;4.Norwegian Institute for Water Research,Oslo,Norway |
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| Abstract: | Data are presented for 32 elements (Li, Be, B, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, Cs, Ba,
La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Hf, Tl, Pb, Bi) in organic-rich surface soils in Norway, based on samples from 464 sites. By considering
geographical distributions based on isopleths, results from factor analysis, and ANOVA of median values from 12 different
geographical regions, the contributions from natural and anthropogenic sources are estimated for each element. Long-range
atmospheric transport of pollutants from areas out of Norway is a dominant source for Cd, Sb, Pb, and Bi and also a strongly
contributing factor for Zn, As, Mo, and Tl. Also V, Ni, Cu, and Ge are somewhat affected, but other factors dominate for these
elements. Local point sources of pollution provide significant contributions to soil concentrations of Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Mo,
and Cd. The local bedrock is the overriding source of Li, Be, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Rb, Zr, Cs, Ba, REE, Hf, and probably of Ge and
Ag. Surface enrichment by root uptake in plants and return to the soil surface by decaying plant material is particularly
evident for Mn, Zn, Rb, Cs, and Ba. These elements show no clear difference between south and north in the country, indicating
that their plant uptake does not depend on latitude. In the case of B and Sr, atmospheric deposition of marine aerosols is
an important source. Rb and Ag, and to a less extent Mn, Ga, and Ba, appear to be depleted in soils near the coast presumably
due to cation exchange with airborne marine cations. |
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