| 肥液浓度对不同形态氮素在土壤中运移转化特性的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 马敬东,聂卫波,张文平,李一博,马孝义.肥液浓度对不同形态氮素在土壤中运移转化特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2021,35(5):255-263. |
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| 作者姓名： | 马敬东 聂卫波 张文平 李一博 马孝义 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 西安理工大学水利水电学院, 西安 710048;2. 西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室, 陕西 杨凌, 712100 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（51579205）；陕西省教育厅重点实验室基金项目（20JS099）；大学生创新创业训练计划项目（G202010700039） |
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| 摘 要： | 为揭示肥液(尿素)浓度影响下土壤湿润体中不同形态氮素的运移转化规律,选取黏壤土和砂壤土作为肥液入渗试验供试土壤,量化分析肥液浓度对土壤累积入渗量和不同形态氮素在分布和再分布过程中运移转化特性的影响。结果表明:相同入渗时间内土壤累积入渗量随肥液浓度的增大而增加,Kostiakov公式的入渗系数与肥液浓度呈现线性关系,建立并验证了考虑肥液浓度影响的土壤累积入渗量估算公式,模拟值与实测值具有较高的一致性,两者间的相对误差绝对值均值均8.0%;入渗结束时,土壤湿润体相同位置处的尿素态氮、铵态氮(NH_4~+-N)和硝态氮(NO_3~--N)含量均随肥液浓度的增大而增加;NH_4~+-N主要分布在土壤湿润体深度20 cm以上,尿素态氮和NO_3~--N含量随着湿润体深度的增大呈现下降趋势;再分布过程中,土壤湿润体中尿素态氮含量随再分布时间的增加整体呈现减小趋势,且黏壤土和砂壤土湿润体中的尿素态氮分别在再分布5,3天时基本水解完成;NH_4~+-N含量呈现先增加后减小的趋势,黏壤土湿润体中的峰值约出现在再分布3～5天,而砂壤土约在再分布3天;黏壤土湿润体中NO_3~--N含量呈现先增加后减小的趋势,其峰值约在5～10天,而砂壤土中NO_3~--N含量在再分布10天时,始终保持在较高水平。研究结果为农田灌溉施肥系统的设计和管理提供理论基础和技术支撑。
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| 关 键 词： | 肥液浓度 累积入渗量 尿素态氮 铵态氮 硝态氮 运移特性 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021/4/7 0:00:00 |
Effects of Fertilizer Solution Concentration on the Migration and Transformation Characteristics of Different Forms of Nitrogen in Soil |
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| MA Jingdong,NIE Weibo,ZHANG Wenping,LI Yibo,MA Xiaoyi.Effects of Fertilizer Solution Concentration on the Migration and Transformation Characteristics of Different Forms of Nitrogen in Soil[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2021,35(5):255-263. |
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| Authors: | MA Jingdong NIE Weibo ZHANG Wenping LI Yibo MA Xiaoyi |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Water Resources and Hydropower, Xi''an University of Technology, Xi''an 710048;2. Key Laboratory for Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid Area, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 |
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| Abstract: | In order to reveal the migration and transformation of different forms of nitrogen in the wetted soil under the influence of fertilizer solution (urea) concentration, clay loam and sandy loam were selected as the different soil textures for infiltration experiments, and we quantitatively analyzed the influences of fertilizer concentration on soil cumulative infiltration and transport and transformation characteristics of different forms of nitrogen in the process of distribution and redistribution. The results showed that during the same infiltration time, the cumulative infiltration increased with the increasing of fertilizer concentration, and a linear relationship between the infiltration coefficient of Kostiakov equation and fertilizer concentration were found. The estimation equation of cumulative infiltration considering the effect of fertilizer concentration was established and verified. The simulated value was in good agreement with the measured value, and the average absolute value of relative error between them was less than 8.0%. At the end of infiltration, the contents of urea nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) at the same position all increased with the increasing of fertilizer concentration. NH4+-N mainly distributed above 20 cm of soil wetted depth, and the contents of urea nitrogen and NO3--N decreased with the increasing of soil wetted depth.During the redistribution process, the contents of urea nitrogen in clay loam and sandy loam decreased with the increasing of redistribution time, and the hydrolysis of urea nitrogen in the wetted clay loam and sandy loam was basically completed at the 5th and the 3rd days of redistribution, respectively. The content of NH4+-N increased first and then decreased, the peak value of NH4+-N content clay loam appeared within the range of the 3~5 days in redistribution, while that of sandy loam appeared about around 3 days in redistribution. The content of NO3--N in clay loam increased first and then decreased, and its peak value appeared within the range of the 5~10 days in redistribution, while the content of NO3--N in sandy loam remained at a high level after 10 days. The research results could provide theoretical basis and technical support for the design and management of irrigation and fertilization system. |
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| Keywords: | fertilizer concentration cumulative infiltration urea nitrogen ammonium nitrogen nitrate nitrogen migration characteristics |
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