| 不同量化肥与有机肥配施对设施番茄栽培土壤硝化潜势和pH的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 王莹,周珺,孙德龙,付瑞桐,张玉玲.不同量化肥与有机肥配施对设施番茄栽培土壤硝化潜势和pH的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2023,29(4):602-613. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王莹 周珺 孙德龙 付瑞桐 张玉玲 |
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| 作者单位： | 沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院 / 农业农村部东北耕地保育重点实验室 /土肥资源高效利用国家工程研究中心，辽宁沈阳 110866 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家科技支撑计划项目子课题(2015BAD23B01-6)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】利用9年设施番茄定位试验，研究施氮量以及有机无机肥配施对土壤硝化潜势和pH的影响，为提高设施土壤供氮能力和减缓设施土壤酸化的施肥管理提供理论依据。【方法】设施番茄栽培定位施肥田间试验位于辽宁沈阳，始于2013年，每年种植一季番茄。设置施用尿素N 0、187.5、375.0、562.5 kg/hm2 4个水平(N0、N1、N2、N3)，在每个氮水平下又设置施有机肥75000 kg/hm2处理(MN0、MN1、MN2、MN3)，共8个处理。2021年，于番茄第一穗果膨大期(S1)、第二穗果膨大期(S2)、收获期(S3)和休耕期(S4)，采集0—10和10—20 cm土层土壤样品，测定土壤硝化潜势(NP)、pH、铵态氮(NH4+-N)和硝态氮(NO3--N)含量，以及休耕期土壤有机碳(SOC)和全氮(TN)含量，计算矿质氮(Nmin)占TN的比例(Nmin/TN)。【结果】化学氮肥施用量、施用有机肥及二者交互作...
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| 关 键 词： | 设施番茄栽培 有机无机肥配施 土壤硝化潜势 土壤pH |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-09-05 |
Combined application of different rates of chemical and organic fertilizer increase soil nitrification potential and pH in greenhouse tomato cultivation |
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| WANG Ying,ZHOU Jun,SUN De-long,FU Rui-tong,ZHANG Yu-ling.Combined application of different rates of chemical and organic fertilizer increase soil nitrification potential and pH in greenhouse tomato cultivation[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2023,29(4):602-613. |
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| Authors: | WANG Ying ZHOU Jun SUN De-long FU Rui-tong ZHANG Yu-ling |
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| Institution: | College of Land and Environmental Science, Shenyang Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Northeast Arable Land Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objectives】 The effects of nitrogen (N) application rate and combination of chemical and organic fertilizer on soil nitrification potential and pH were studied based a 9-years of tomato positioning experiment, to provide theoretical basis for improving N supply capacity of greenhouse soil and slowing down soil acidification. 【Methods】 The long-term field experiments of greenhouse tomato cultivation started in 2013 in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, with cropping system of mono-tomato. Four urea N application level of 0, 187.5, 375.0, 562.5 kg/hm2, denoted as N0, N1, N2, N3, were setup, and extra four treatments were setup by combining with organic fertilizer 75000 kg/hm2 in each N level treatment (MN0, MN1, MN2, MN3), with a total of 8 treatments. At the 1st and 2nd fruit expanding period (S1 and S2), harvest period (S3), and the fallow period after harvest (S4) in 2021, 0?10 cm and 10?20 cm soil samples were collected for the determination of nitrification potential (NP), pH, and the NH4+-N and NO3?-N content. The soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N (TN) after harvest were also determined for the calculation of mineral N (Nmin) to TN ratio (Nmin/TN). 【Results】 The application rate of chemical N fertilizer, as well as combination with organic fertilizer, and their interaction significantly affected soil NP, pH and NO3?-N content. Compared with the sole chemical fertilizer treatment, the combined application of chemical and organic fertilizer decreased the NP at S1 stage, but increased the NP across S2–S4 stages. N1 treatment had similar soil pH with N0, but N2 and N3 treatment had significantly lower pH at 0–20 cm soil layer, and that N3 treatment was significantly lower than that of N2 treatment (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in soil pH among the four MN treatments at S1 and S2 stages, and the pH at S3 and S4 stages decreased gradually with the increase of N application level, but the decrease range was significantly less than that of sole chemical fertilizer treatments. The decreasing rates of soil pH in sole chemical fertilizer treatments and the combination treatments were 0.00–0.20 ?pH/yr and 0.00–0.08 ?pH/yr, respectively. Combined application treatments significantly increased soil NO3?-N content across whole growing periods and soil NH4+-N content after harvest, the soil NO3?-N content of sole chemical fertilizer and combination treatment was 4.43–197.35 mg/kg and 35.16–400.04 mg/kg, respectively. Compared with the sole application of chemical fertilizer, the combined treatment significantly increased soil SOC and TN, and decreased soil Nmin/TN (P<0.05). In sole chemical fertilizer treatment, NP was positively correlated with NO3?-N content and pH, and negatively correlated with NH4+-N content. Under the combination treatment, soil NP was positively correlated with SOC, TN and NO3?-N in S2 stage, and negatively correlated with pH in S2 stage and Nmin/TN in fallow period. Soil pH of chemical fertilizer treatment was negatively correlated with NH4+-N and NO3?-N content at S3 and S4, pH was negatively correlated with NH4+-N and NO3?-N content at S1, S2 and S4 stages of the combination treatments, and soil pH was negatively correlated with Nmin/TN during fallow period both in chemical fertilizer alone and the combination treatments, and there was a negative correlation between soil pH and TN in the combination treatment (P<0.05). 【Conclusions】 Compared with sole chemical fertilizer treatment, chemical and organic fertilizer combination could increase soil SOC and TN and NO3?-N content (nitrification potential) in the middle and later stage of tomato growth, reduce Nmin/TN, and effectively retard the decline rate of soil pH. The combined application of urea N 187.5 kg/hm2 and organic fertilizer 75000 kg/hm2 is recommended as its extrusive effect in N supply capacity and stable soil pH. |
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