| 卫生采伐对新源县退化野苹果无性繁殖与更新的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 朱璐辉,刘立强,廖康,秦伟,孔维亨,邓雪,程功.卫生采伐对新源县退化野苹果无性繁殖与更新的影响[J].经济林研究,2019,37(3):138-145. |
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| 作者姓名： | 朱璐辉 刘立强 廖康 秦伟 孔维亨 邓雪 程功 |
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| 作者单位： | 新疆农业大学 林学与园艺学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐,830052;新疆农业大学 林学与园艺学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐,830052;新疆农业大学 林学与园艺学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐,830052;新疆农业大学 林学与园艺学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐,830052;新疆农业大学 林学与园艺学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐,830052;新疆农业大学 林学与园艺学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐,830052;新疆农业大学 林学与园艺学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐,830052 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划课题;新疆维吾尔自治区园艺学重点学科资助项目;新疆农业大学 2612 创新团队项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 为给野苹果的管护和更新复壮提供参考,在新疆新源县野苹果林设置样地,调查野苹果生存状况与卫生采伐后的保留体萌生枝、根蘖苗和干基苗的生长特征。针对野苹果生存状况,卫生采伐以保留存活树体为原则,将自然死亡、受病虫危害和其他自然因素损伤的部分伐除。结果表明:研究区域中,存活Ⅰ~Ⅵ级野苹果的数量比例分别为4.03%、24.19%、21.77%、1.21%、12.50%和36.29%,其中Ⅲ级~Ⅵ级属于濒危至死亡的个体占71.77%,种群数量衰亡现象严重。经卫生采伐后的野苹果林地内,存在受较轻度干扰和中度以上卫生干扰等多种野苹果个体类型,其中野苹果树受中度以上卫生干扰后形成伐桩、头木和截枝木3类数量较多的保留体,其平均高度分别为(0.58±0.25)、(2.47±0.90)和(7.59±1.99)m,基径分别为(22.33±1.76)、(23.13±2.10)和(24.52±2.06)cm,三者的基径之间有显著差异,存活率由高到低依次为截枝木、头木、伐桩。野苹果可天然繁殖根蘖苗和干基苗,伐桩、头木和截枝木3类保留体还可产生萌生枝,且萌生枝在3种无性繁殖苗中生长力最强,其次是根蘖苗,干基苗最弱,未发现萌生枝代替主干和根蘖苗建成幼树(胸径≥5cm)的更新现象。保留体的3种无性繁殖苗中,仅萌生枝可生长发育到具有繁殖种子的能力,可开花和结果的保留体分别占26.66%和22.77%,比例由高到低依次为截枝木、头木、伐桩。尽早对衰亡严重的野苹果进行生态性的卫生采伐,既可减缓野苹果退化,又可促进保留体的无性繁殖与复壮更新。
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| 关 键 词： | 新源县 退化野苹果 卫生采伐 保留体 无性繁殖 |
Effects of health cutting on asexual propagation and renewing of degraded Malus sieversii in Xinyuan County |
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| ZHU Luhui,LIU Liqiang,LIAO Kang,QIN Wei,KONG Weiheng,DENG Xue,CHENG Gong.Effects of health cutting on asexual propagation and renewing of degraded Malus sieversii in Xinyuan County[J].Economic Forest Researches,2019,37(3):138-145. |
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| Authors: | ZHU Luhui LIU Liqiang LIAO Kang QIN Wei KONG Weiheng DENG Xue CHENG Gong |
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| Institution: | (College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China) |
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| Abstract: | In order to provide some references for management, protection, renewing and rejuvenating of Malus sieversii, we set up a sample plot of M. sieversii forest in Xinyuan County of Xinjiang, and investigated living conditions of M. sieversii and growth characteristics of sprouting branches, root tiller seedlings and stem base seedlings in retained plants after health cutting. Based on living conditions of M. sieversii and a principle of retained living trees, some parts were removed year by year, including natural dead, damaged by pests and diseases, and damaged by other natural factors. The results showed that: in the study area, proportions of survival grade Ⅰ to Ⅵ of M. sieversii were 4.03%, 24.19%, 21.77%, 1.21%, 12.50% and 36.29%, respectively, of which grade Ⅲ to Ⅵ belonged to endangered individuals and accounted for 71.77%, so the population degradation was seriously. There were many types of M. sieversii after health cutting, and living M. sieversii trees were affected mild and severe health interfering. Three kinds of main retained plants were lopping wood, head wood and stump, which were seriously interfered by health cutting, their average heights were (0.58±0.25),(2.47±0.90) and (7.59±1.99) m, respectively. Their base diameter were (22.33±1.76),(23.13±2.10) and (24.52±2.06) cm, and there was a significant difference between the base diameters. Based on survival rates from high to low, order was stump, head wood, lopping wood. M. sieversii could naturally propagate through root tiller seedlings and stem base seedlings, and three kinds of retained plants could produce sprouting branches. Sprouting branch showed the best growing power among the three asexual propagation seedlings, followed by root tiller seedling, and stem base seedling was the weakest. There was no renewing phenomenon that sprouting branch replace trunk and root tiller seedlings to build young trees (diameter at breast height ≥ 5 cm). Among the three types of asexual propagation seedlings of retained plants, only sprouting branch had the ability to reproduce seeds. The flowering and fruiting retained plants accounted for 26.66% and 22.77%, respectively, and order was lopping wood, head wood, stump based on the percentage from high to low. Ecological health cutting should be carried out in severe degraded M. sieversii forest as soon as possible. It not only could slow down degradation of M. sieversii, but also could promote asexual propagation, renewing and rejuvenating of retained plants. |
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| Keywords: | Xinyuan County degraded Malus sieversii health cutting retained plant asexual propagation |
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