| 基于可编程控制器的猪胴体喷淋冷却作业控制系统设计 |
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| 引用本文： | 陈玉仑,孙晨阳,卢中山,范雷明,李毅念,李春保.基于可编程控制器的猪胴体喷淋冷却作业控制系统设计[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(3):273-278. |
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| 作者姓名： | 陈玉仑 孙晨阳 卢中山 范雷明 李毅念 李春保 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 南京农业大学工学院，南京 210031；2. 南京农业大学，农业部畜产品加工重点实验室，教育部肉品加工与质量控制重点实验室，南京 210095,1. 南京农业大学工学院，南京 210031；,1. 南京农业大学工学院，南京 210031；,1. 南京农业大学工学院，南京 210031；,1. 南京农业大学工学院，南京 210031；2. 南京农业大学，农业部畜产品加工重点实验室，教育部肉品加工与质量控制重点实验室，南京 210095,2. 南京农业大学，农业部畜产品加工重点实验室，教育部肉品加工与质量控制重点实验室，南京 210095,2. 南京农业大学，农业部畜产品加工重点实验室，教育部肉品加工与质量控制重点实验室，南京 210095 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家生猪产业体系（CARS-36-11） |
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| 摘 要： | 喷淋冷却是一种可以有效降低猪胴体预冷干耗的方法,但由于缺乏相关设备,生产中多采用人工作业的方式进行喷淋。针对人工作业中存在的劳动繁重、效果不稳定等问题,该文设计了一种以PLC(programmable logic controller)为处理器、触摸屏为人机界面的猪胴体喷淋冷却控制系统,该系统可实现猪胴体喷淋冷却作业的自动启停,并支持在触摸屏上人工调整喷淋作业参数等功能。干耗试验表明:人工喷淋的猪胴体24 h冷却干耗均值分别为:夏季1.59%±0.14%,冬季1.34%±0.10%,采用该控制系统分别为:夏季1.25%±0.07%,冬季1.19%±0.05%,相比于人工喷淋分别降低了21.4%、11.2%(喷淋参数:高频喷淋2 h、高频喷淋间歇时长30 min、低频喷淋4 h、低频喷淋间歇时长60 min、单次喷淋时长20 s)。该参数下,人工喷淋作业结束后,猪胴体需在预冷库内继续静置12 h才能将温度降至4℃,采用该系统完成喷淋作业后,继续静置7 h即可达到相同效果,减少了27.7%的冷却时间。该系统的猪胴体24 h降耗稳定性显著高于人工作业(P0.05)且不受季节影响(P0.05),且具有操作简单,工作稳定可靠等特点,能够免除繁重劳动,降低人力成本。可适用于与生猪屠宰有关的降温降耗领域。
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| 关 键 词： | 喷淋 冷却 设计 猪胴体 干耗 PLC |
| 收稿时间： | 2017/9/19 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2017/10/12 0:00:00 |
Design of control system for spray chilling operation of pig carcass based on PLC |
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| Chen Yulun,Sun Chenyang,Lu Zhongshan,Fan Leiming,Li Yinian and Li Chunbao.Design of control system for spray chilling operation of pig carcass based on PLC[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2018,34(3):273-278. |
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| Authors: | Chen Yulun Sun Chenyang Lu Zhongshan Fan Leiming Li Yinian and Li Chunbao |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China,1. College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China;,1. College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China;,1. College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China;,1. College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China,2. Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China and 2. Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: The temperature of pig carcass rises after slaughtering, so the carcass needs to be cooled immediately to reduce the water loss and improve the quality of meat. Currently, spray chilling is considered as an effective method to reduce the weight loss of pig carcass during the cooling process. Nevertheless, manual operation is generally used for implementing a way of spray chilling in productive process, as a result of lacking the research on the equipment for spray chilling. To solve the problem that manual operation of spray chilling inevitably results in onerous labor and imprecise effect, this study designed a control system of spray chilling, which uses PLC (programmable logic controller) as the processor and touch screen as the HMI (human machine interface), so as to realize the automatic start-stop of the spray chilling operation of pig carcasses, and the system supports manual adjustment of spray parameters on the touch screen. According to the design requirements, the corresponding network program includes the main program, the subroutine of pipe control, the subroutine of interlocking function, the subroutine of pump control, the subroutine of air compressor control, and so on. Among them, the subroutine of pipe control includes opening of gas supply electromagnetic valve, opening of water supply electromagnetic valve and timing of opening interval. The subroutine of interlocking ensures that the remaining pipelines are locked when a pipeline is opened. And the subroutines of the pump and air compressor are used for the supply of water and gas. In this system, the PLC and the expansion module use the relay output signal to control actuating elements including nozzles, solenoid valve, and so on. Additionally, the touch screen is connected with PLC by the MPI/PPI communication cable. Before spraying, operators open the pipeline which is selected to spray, and then the PLC controls the corresponding nozzle, solenoid valve and other components in order to automatically accomplish the entire spray operation on the basis of modulated parameters, which include the total time of spray chilling with high frequency, the interval time of high frequency spray period, the total time of spray chilling with low frequency, the interval time of low frequency spray period and the single spray time. This paper tested the effect of this control system on the weight loss of pig carcass under the conditions that the total time of spray chilling with high frequency was 2 h, the interval time of high frequency spray period was 30 min, the total time of spray chilling with low frequency was 4 h, the interval time of low frequency spray period was 60 min, and the single spray time was 20 s. The results showed that the water loss rate within 24 h measured by the control system was 1.25%±0.07% in summer and 1.19%±0.05% in winter, and that measured by manual operation was 1.59%±0.14% in summer and 1.34%±0.10% in winter. Analysis of variance showed that the stability of water loss rate measured by the system was significantly higher than manual work (P<0.05), and it did not be affected by the seasons (P>0.05). The slaughtering enterprise, in the test, has 8 cold storage tanks, and a spray in one cold storage tank needs 5 min under the manual operation. So it needs at least 2 workers to complete the spray task when the high-frequency spray interval is 30 min. Compared with the manual operation, this system can eliminate heavy labor and save human cost due to its features of operating easily, working stably and reliably. Not only does it provide a reference for the research of automation equipment of spray chilling, it but also can be applied to the field of temperature and weight loss reduction related to pig slaughtering. |
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| Keywords: | spraying cooling design pig carcass water loss rate PLC |
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