Comparative Efficacy of Bio-organic and Mineral Phosphate on the Growth,Yield and Economics of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Grown by Different Methods |
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| Authors: | Ahmad Khakwani Muhammad Imran Iftikhar Ahmad Rashid Waqas Sabir Hussain Sajid Mahmood Nadeem |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan;2. Soil and Environmental Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan;3. Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, Pakistan;4. University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Sub-Campus Burewala, Vehari, Pakistan;5. Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of bio-organic phosphate (BOP) and diammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilizers for improving the growth, yield, plant phosphorus (P) content and profitability of wheat cultivation under systems of wheat intensification (direct seeding and nursery transplantation) and conventional sowing (broadcasting). BOP was formulated by enriching the compost with rock phosphate and inoculated with plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial (PGPR) strain, Bacillus thuringiensis strain K5. Results revealed the supremacy of BOP over DAP, and the direct seeding method over the other sowing methods in almost all parameters studied. The application of BOP significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased the plant height, root length, number of tillers per plant, wheat biomass, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, straw and grain P contents in direct seeded wheat in comparison to DAP fertilization. Furthermore, application of BOP and direct seeding of wheat generated more profit per hectare compared with the other treatments. |
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| Keywords: | Bio-organic phosphate P uptake system of wheat intensification |
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