| 种子位置信息视觉检测系统开沟延时回土装置研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 高振,卢彩云,李洪文,何进,王庆杰,王志楠.种子位置信息视觉检测系统开沟延时回土装置研究[J].农业机械学报,2022,53(12):32-42. |
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| 作者姓名： | 高振 卢彩云 李洪文 何进 王庆杰 王志楠 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国农业大学 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（52175260）、中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目（2021TC011）和中国农业大学2115人才工程项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 针对机器视觉获取种子空间分布信息时，传统开沟器作业过程中，种子落入种床后，土壤快速回落覆盖种子，导致种床中种子原始图像采集困难的问题，设计了一种开沟延时回土装置，通过导土装置、压种装置和回土装置的配合作业，延长土壤回落时间，形成有利于原始图像采集的避让空间，并在图像采集完毕后将泛起土壤推回种床，保证土壤回填率，达到延时回土的目的。通过理论分析确定导土装置、回土装置等关键装置结构参数。以开沟速度、开沟深度、回土板转角为试验因素，开展土壤回填率离散元仿真试验，确定最优作业参数为开沟速度1.6m/s、开沟深度30mm、回土板转角40°。在最优参数组合下，进行土壤回填率田间试验和种子图像采集田间试验。结果表明，开沟延时回土装置土壤回填率为96.5%，开沟延时回土装置较未安装回土装置的开沟器土壤回填率提升39.6个百分点；工业相机可以在导土装置形成的避让空间中采集到种床中种子的原始图像。试验结果表明，设计的结构可以有效避免回落土壤对图像采集的影响，并保证土壤回填率，实现了种床中种子图像的采集，为计算机视觉技术检测播种作业质量奠定了基础。
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| 关 键 词： | 开沟 延时回土装置 图像采集 位置检测 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022/9/20 0:00:00 |
Soil Backfill Delayed Opening Device for Visual Detection System of Seed Position Information |
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| GAO Zhen,LU Caiyun,LI Hongwen,HE Jin,WANG Qingjie,WANG Zhinan.Soil Backfill Delayed Opening Device for Visual Detection System of Seed Position Information[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(12):32-42. |
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| Authors: | GAO Zhen LU Caiyun LI Hongwen HE Jin WANG Qingjie WANG Zhinan |
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| Institution: | China Agricultural University |
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| Abstract: | Accurately obtaining the spatial distribution data of seeds after sowing can provide plant position information for field management, thereby improving resource utilization. Machine vision technology was applied to the detection of sowing position. After the seeds fell into the seed bed through the opener seed guide tube, the industrial camera was used to collect the image of the seed position in the seed bed, and the target detection algorithm was used to identify the seed position. However, during the operation of the traditional opener, after the seeds fell into the seed bed, the soil fell back to the seed bed too fast, which made it difficult to collect the original images of the seeds in the seed bed before the soil cover. Aiming at this problem, a soil backfill delayed opening device was proposed and designed. The design extended the soil backfilling time through the cooperation of the soil vectoring device, the seed pressing device and the soil backfilling device, forming an avoiding space for the original image acquisition. After the image acquisition was completed, the soil would be pushed back to the seed bed to ensure the soil backfilling rate and achieve the purpose of delaying soil backfill. The structural parameters of key devices such as soil vectoring device and soil backfilling device were determined through theoretical analysis. A discrete-element simulation test of soil backfill rate was carried out. Taking working speed, operating depth and rotation angle of soil backfilling plate as test factors, the discrete element simulation quadratic rotation orthogonal combination test of soil backfilling rate was carried out. The optimal combination of operation parameters was determined as the working speed was 1.6m/s, the operating depth was 30mm and the rotation angle of soil backfilling plate was 40°. The field test of soil backfill rate and seed image collection were carried out. Under the optimal parameter combination, the soil backfill rate of the soil backfill delayed opening device was 96.5%, which was 39.6 percentage points higher than that of the opener without the soil backfilling device. In the avoidance space formed by the designed soil vectoring device, the original image of the seeds in the seedbed can be collected by using an industrial camera. The experiment results showed that the structure designed can effectively avoid the impact of falling soil on image collection, ensure the soil backfill rate, and achieve the collection of seed images in the seed bed, which laid a foundation for computer vision technology to detect the quality of seeding operations. |
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| Keywords: | opening soil backfilling delay device image acquisition position detection |
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