| 饲粮粗蛋白质水平对中国荷斯坦奶牛产奶性能、氮利用及血液激素的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 王星凌,刘春林,赵红波,游 伟,成海建.饲粮粗蛋白质水平对中国荷斯坦奶牛产奶性能、氮利用及血液激素的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012(4):669-680. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王星凌 刘春林 赵红波 游 伟 成海建 |
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| 作者单位： | 山东省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所，济南 ２５０１００;山东科技大学电气信息系，济南 ２５００３１ |
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| 基金项目： | 山东省科技厅攻关项目（２００８ＧＧ１０００９０２２）；国际合作项目“日粮功能性氨基酸对原奶品质调控机理研究与开发”；国家 ９７３计划项目（２０１１ＣＢ１００８０５） |
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| 摘 要： | 本试验旨在研究饲粮粗蛋白质（ＣＰ）水平对中国荷斯坦奶牛产奶性能、氮利用及血液激素的影响。采用重复 ４×４拉丁方设计，８头经产中国荷斯坦奶牛随机分为 ４个处理。４个处理的饲粮 ＣＰ水平分别为 １２．５６％、１３．９６％、１５．５３％和 １６．９３％。试验分为 ４个周期，每个周期１８ｄ。在 ４ｄ收集期内，全量收集粪、尿，每天测量产奶量、乳成分和干物质摄入量（ＤＭＩ），并在收集期最后 １ｄ采集血样。结果表明：４个饲粮处理的 ＤＭＩ基本相同（Ｐ＞０．０５）；饲粮 ＣＰ水平１２．５６％的产奶量和能量校正奶（ＥＣＭ）明显低于饲粮 ＣＰ水平 １３．９６％至 １６．９３％（Ｐ＜０．０５），饲粮 ＣＰ水平 １３．９６％至 １６．９３％的产奶量和 ＥＣＭ 基本相同，其中饲粮 ＣＰ水平 １３．９６％和１６．９３％的产奶量分别为２８．１８和２８．７２ｋｇ／ｄ，ＥＣＭ分别为３２．６４和３２．０４ｋｇ／ｄ；乳成分中仅乳蛋白率随着饲粮 ＣＰ水平增加而提高（Ｐ＜０．０５）；饲粮 ＣＰ水平 １２．５６％和 １３．９６％的乳氮效率明显高于饲粮 ＣＰ水平 １５．５３％和 １６．９３％（Ｐ＜０．０５或 Ｐ＜０．０１）；随着饲粮 ＣＰ水平的提高，尿氮排出量不断增加，乳氮排出量也缓慢上涨，体内氮沉积显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０５或 Ｐ＜０．０１），只有饲粮 ＣＰ水平 １６．９３％的粪氮排出量明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）；饲粮 ＣＰ水平 １２．５６％的血液瘦素浓度最高（Ｐ＜０．０５），催乳素（ＰＲＬ）、生长激素（ＧＨ）、胰岛素样生长因子 １（ＩＧＦ １）、血糖、非酯化脂肪酸（ＮＥＦＡ）和 β－羟丁酸（ＢＨＢＡ）浓度较高；而饲粮 ＣＰ水平 １６．９３％的血浆尿素氮（ＰＵＮ）浓度最高（Ｐ＜０．０１），胰岛素和 ＧＨ浓度较高，ＩＧＦ １浓度较低。由此可见，饲粮 ＣＰ水平１３．９６％适合中国荷斯坦奶牛产奶量２８ｋｇ／ｄ或 ＥＣＭ３２ｋｇ／ｄ的泌乳性能、氮利用和内分泌调节。
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| 关 键 词： | 粗蛋白质水平 奶牛 产奶性能 氮利用 血液激素 |
Dietary Crude Protein Levels Affect Milk Production,Nitrogen Utilization and Blood Hormones of Chinese Holstein Dairy Cows |
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| WANG Xingling,LIU Chunlin,ZHAO Hongbo,YOU Wei,CHENG Haijian.Dietary Crude Protein Levels Affect Milk Production,Nitrogen Utilization and Blood Hormones of Chinese Holstein Dairy Cows[J].Acta Zoonutrimenta Sinica,2012(4):669-680. |
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| Authors: | WANG Xingling LIU Chunlin ZHAO Hongbo YOU Wei CHENG Haijian |
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| Institution: | 1(1.Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China; 2.Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Shandong University of Technology,Jinan 250031,China) |
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| Abstract: | This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary crude protein levels on milk production,nitrogen utilization and blood hormones of Chinese Holstein dairy cows.Eight multiparous Chinese Holstein cows were used in a replicated 4×4 Latin square design and the crude protein(CP) levels of four diets were 12.56%,13.96%,15.53% and 16.93%,respectively.Each lactating cow had 4 experimental periods and each period had a 14-d adaptation,following by a 4-d total faecal and urine collection period.Milk yield,milk composition and dry matter intake(DMI) were measured in the 4 d.Blood samples were taken in the last day of the collection period.The results showed that milk and energy-corrected milk(ECM) production of cows fed 12.56% CP diet were much lower than those of cows fed the other three diets(P<0.05).Milk and ECM production of cows fed 13.96% CP diet and 16.93% CP diet were similar,and their milk production were 28.18 and 28.72 kg/d and ECM were 32.64 and 32.04 kg/d(P>0.05).Milk protein percentage was improved with dietary CP content increased(P<0.05),but the other milk components were not affected(P>0.05).Milk nitrogen efficiency of cows fed 12.56% CP diet and 13.96% CP diet was higher than that of cows fed 15.53% CP diet and 16.93% CP diet(P<0.05,P<0.01).The higher dietary CP levels increased urinary nitrogen excretion,milk nitrogen secretion and nitrogen retention(P<0.05,P<0.01),and only 16.93% CP diet increased fecal nitrogen excretion(P<0.05).The blood leptin concentration of 12.56% CP diet was highest(P<0.05),and 12.56% CP diet had higher concentrations of prolactin(PRL),growth hormone(GH),insulin-like growth factor(IGF-1),glucose,non-esterified fatty acids(NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyrate(BHBA) numerically.On the contrary,the plasma urea nitrogen(PUN) concentration of 16.93% CP diet was the highest(P<0.01),and the concentrations of insulin,GH were increased and the IGF-1 concentration was decreased.It is concluded that the diet containing 13.96% CP is sufficient for the milk performance,nitrogen utilization and endocrine regulation in Chinese Holstein cows producing 28 kg/d milk or 32 kg/d ECM. |
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| Keywords: | dietary protein content dairy cows milk production nitrogen utilization blood hormones |
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