| 套袋苹果黑点病的发病诱因、机制与条件 |
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| 引用本文： | 栾梦,潘彤彤,董向丽,练森,王彩霞,李保华.套袋苹果黑点病的发病诱因、机制与条件[J].植物病理学报,2019,49(4):520-529. |
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| 作者姓名： | 栾梦 潘彤彤 董向丽 练森 王彩霞 李保华 |
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| 作者单位： | 青岛农业大学植物医学学院,山东省植物病虫害综合防控重点实验室,青岛 266109 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划 (项目号2016YFD0201122);国家苹果产业技术体系(CARS-28, CARS-27);国家自然基金(项目编号:31371883);山东省重点研究计划(2017CXGC0214) |
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| 摘 要： | “套袋苹果斑点病”是套袋果实的重要病害,每年导致3%~10%损失,而“套袋苹果黑点病”是套袋苹果斑点病的一种类型。本研究采用病原菌分离、接种、诱导发病等方法,揭示了黑点病发病的诱因、机制与条件,可为病害的防治提供科学依据。结果表明,诱发套袋苹果黑点病的病原菌是粉红单端孢(Trichothecium roseum);苹果谢花30 d后,幼果上就潜带有大量病原菌;自未喷施过杀菌剂的果园内摘取苹果幼果,在20℃~30℃、100%的相对湿度条件下保湿培养3 d可以诱发黑点病斑;在2周时间内,保湿培养的时间越长,诱发的黑点病斑数量越多;黑点病菌侵入果肉组织后能诱发寄主细胞木栓化,木栓化细胞进一步阻止了病菌的生长与扩展;5月下旬(谢花后30 d)采摘的幼果可诱发产生黑点病斑,但病斑较小;7月上旬(谢花后60 d)苹果果实对黑点病菌最敏感,保湿后诱发的病斑数量最多,形成的病斑大;进入8月份,果实的抗病性明显增强;所测试的9种杀菌剂都能有效抑制黑点病斑的形成,降低果实发病率,但不能完全阻止黑点病斑的形成。苹果果实套袋前,喷施杀菌剂降低果实的带菌量是防治黑点病的重要技术措施。
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| 关 键 词： | 套袋果实黑点病 温湿度 侵染过程 敏感时期 药效 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018-08-02 |
Pathogen,mechanism and conditions causing black spot disease on bagged apple fruits |
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| LUAN Meng,PAN Tong-tong,DONG Xiang-li,LIAN Sen,WANG Cai-xia,Li Bao-hua.Pathogen,mechanism and conditions causing black spot disease on bagged apple fruits[J].Acta Phytopathologica Sinica,2019,49(4):520-529. |
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| Authors: | LUAN Meng PAN Tong-tong DONG Xiang-li LIAN Sen WANG Cai-xia Li Bao-hua |
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| Institution: | College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University; Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province; Qingdao 266109, China |
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| Abstract: | Necrotic lesion is one class of important diseases on bagged apple fruits, which causes 3%~10% loss every year, and black spot is one kind disease of necrotic lesion. In order to understand the pathogen, pathogenic mechanism and conditions causing black spot on bagged apple fruit and provide the bases for disease control, we conducted several experiments, including pathogen isolation, inoculation, and disease induction assays. The results showed that Trichothecium roseum was the pathogen of black spot disease. A large number of T. roseum were colonized on younger fruit surface 30 days after apple bloom. Younger apple fruits collected from orchard without fungicides spraying began to produce black spot after 3 days of incubation at 20℃~30℃ and 100% relative humidity (RH), and the black spot number was increased with prolongation of incubation period within 2 weeks. Suberinization of the pulp cells was induced when the pathogen penetrated into the host tissue, which in turn prevented the growth and expansion of the pathogen. The young apple fruit sampled in late May can produced black spots, while the lesion size is limited. The Fuji apple fruit were susceptible to black spot pathogens in early July, and black spot lesions induced at 25℃ and 100% RH were large in number. The resistance of fruit against the disease increased significantly in August. All the 9 tested fungicides can effectively inhibit development of the black spot disease and reduce the disease incidence, but none of which can completely prevent the formation of black spots. Therefore, it is important for disease control by spraying fungicides to decrease pathogen content of the fruit before bagging. |
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| Keywords: | black spot of bagged apple fruit Trichothecium roseum susceptible temperature and moisture |
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