Behavioral responses following eight anesthetic induction protocols in horses |
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| Authors: | Ann E Wagner DVM MS Diplomate ACVP ACVA Khursheed R Mama DVM Diplomate ACVA Eugene P Steffey† VMD PhD Diplomate ACVA ECVA Lucien F Brevard‡ BS Peter W Hellyer DVM MS Diplomate ACVA |
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| Institution: | Department of Clinical Sciences, and;Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA;Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences (Steffey), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA |
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| Abstract: | ObjectiveTo compare behavioral characteristics of induction and recovery in horses anesthetized with eight anesthetic drug protocols.Study designRandomized prospective experimental study.AnimalsEight horses, 5.5 ± 2.4 years (mean ± SD) of age, and weighing 505 ± 31 kg.MethodsAfter xylazine pre-medication, each of eight horses was anesthetized on four occasions using one of eight different anesthetic induction protocols which incorporated various combinations of ketamine (KET), propofol (PRO), and thiopental (THIO): THIO 8 mg kg?1; THIO 6 mg kg?1 + PRO 0.5 mg kg?1; THIO 4 mg kg?1 + PRO 1 mg kg?1; THIO 2 mg kg?1 + PRO 1.5 mg kg?1; KET 2 mg kg?1; KET 1.5 mg kg?1 + PRO 0.5 mg kg?1; KET 1 mg kg?1 + PRO 1 mg kg?1; KET 0.5 mg kg?1 + PRO 1.5 mg kg?1. Quality of induction and recovery were scored from 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent), and time taken to achieve lateral recumbency, first movement, sternal recumbency, and standing were evaluated.ResultsTime taken to achieve lateral recumbency after drug administration differed significantly (p < 0.0001) among the various combinations, being shortest in horses receiving THIO-8 (mean ± SD, 0.5 ± 0.3 minutes) and longest in horses receiving KET-2 (1.4 ± 0.2 minutes). The best scores for induction quality were associated with KET-1.5 + PRO-0.5, and the worst scores for induction quality were associated with KET-2, although the difference was not significant. Time to first movement varied significantly among drug protocols (p = 0.0133), being shortest in horses receiving KET-2 (12.7 ± 3.6 minutes) and longest in horses receiving THIO-8 (29.9 ± 1.5 minutes). Horses receiving THIO-8 made the greatest number of attempts to attain sternal posture (6.5 ± 4.7) and to stand (1.6 ± 0.8). Horses in the THIO-8 treatment also received the poorest recovery scores (3.3 ± 1.0 and 3.0 ± 0.7 for sternal and standing postures, respectively). The best recovery scores were associated with combinations comprised mainly of propofol.ConclusionsCombining propofol with either ketamine or thiopental modifies behaviors associated with use of the individual drugs.Clinical relevanceQuality of early anesthesia recovery in horses may be improved by some combinations of propofol with either thiopental or ketamine. |
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| Keywords: | anesthesia equine recovery from anesthesia ketamine propofol thiopental |
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