Mutualistic interaction of rhizobacteria with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and its antagonistic effect on Fusarium oxysporum in Carica papaya seedlings |
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| Institution: | 1. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, Baja California Sur 23096, Mexico;2. Universidad de Sonora, Campus Santa Ana, Carretera Internacional y Av. 16 de Septiembre s/n, Santa Ana, Sonora, Mexico;3. Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Veracruzana, Campus Xalapa, Circuito Universitario Gonzalo Aguirre Beltrán s/n, Xalapa, Veracruz 91090, Mexico;1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China;2. Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environmental of China, Nanjing 210042, China;1. Birla Institute of Scientific Research, Statue Circle, Jaipur, India;2. Department of BioEngineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Jaipur, India;3. Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India;4. Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India;1. Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, CP 25315, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico;2. Cinvestav-Saltillo, Av. Industria Metalúrgica 1062, CP 25900, Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila, Mexico;3. Biocampo S.A. de C.V., Blvd. Dr. Jesús Valdés Sánchez Km. 10, Fracc. Presa de las Casas, 25350, Arteaga, Coahuila, Mexico |
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| Abstract: | There are numerous studies evaluating biocontrol of root rot by using the antagonistic effects of either arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) or rhizobacteria, but usually independently. Fewer studies, although growing in number, report on evaluating the effectiveness of concurrent fungi–bacteria inoculation in combating root rot; and furthermore, there are none to date reported with papaya. In this study, an indigenous Pseudomonas sp. (PPV3) was isolated from roots of papaya (Carica papaya L. cv. Maradol) and used with an AMF complex (MTZ01) consisting of four fungi Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae, Glomus etunicatum and Gigaspora albida to inoculate roots of papaya in order to determine their antagonistic effects against Fusarium oxysporum, individually and in combination. It was found that with inoculation with PPV3 and MTZ01 protection was highest (85%) and had reduced disease (10%) as well as reducing F. oxysporum colonization in papaya seedlings. Inoculations with MTZ01 or PPV3 showed an efficacy of 54 and 60%, with a level of disease severity of the 38 and 22%, respectively. The combination of the AMF complex (MTZ01) with rhizobacterial Pseudomonas sp. (PPV3) modified the effects of F. oxysporum and provided increased protection for C. papaya than either acting alone. These results suggest that rhizobacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi acting together formed a mutualistic relationship that enhances disease control against F. oxysporum and stimulates growth in C. papaya. |
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