Efficacy of endophytic and applied Metarhizium anisopliae (Metch.) Sorokin (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) against larvae of Plutella xylostella L. (Yponomeutidae: Lepidoptera) infesting Brassica napus plants |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan;2. Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan;3. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, 1815 N, University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA;1. Western Triangle Agricultural Research Center, Montana State University, 9546 Old Shelby Rd., P.O. Box 656, Conrad, MT 59425, USA;2. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northern Plains Agricultural Research Laboratory, 1500 N. Central Ave., Sidney, MT 59270, USA;1. Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Apartado Aéreo 6713, Cali, Colombia;2. Statistics Group, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA;3. Sustainable Perennial Crops Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA;1. WG Fermentation and Formulation of Biologicals and Chemicals, Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Bielefeld, Germany;2. Department of Experimental and Systems Ecology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany;1. State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China;2. College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China;3. Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China;4. Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China;5. Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, China;6. Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3300, Bangladesh |
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| Abstract: | The internal colonization of Brassica napus plants by Metarhizium anisopliae was demonstrated and the endophytic and direct effects of the fungus against Plutella xylostella larvae were assessed. Internal colonization of the plant by the fungus was shown by re-isolating the fungus from leaves, petioles and stems of the plant that were not the initial site of inoculation. Results indicated that significant differences (at P = 0.05) were obtained in mean % successful re-isolation of the fungus from leaves, petioles and stems at 2, 3 and 4 weeks after inoculation. To assess the endophytic effect of the fungus, larvae of P. xylostella were introduced onto plant leaves distant from the initial site of inoculation with the fungus (one leaf per plant). Results indicated that significant differences (at P = 0.05) were obtained in mean % mortality of larvae that were introduced at 2, 3 and 4 weeks after inoculation compared to the non-inoculated control. Similar significant results were obtained when the direct effect of the fungus against the larvae was assessed. In conclusion, this research provides evidence for the first time of the endophytic action of M. anisopliae against P. xylostella larvae and the ability of the fungus to colonize the internal tissues of B. napus plants. |
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