| 中国森林乡村空间分布特征及其影响因素分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 唐明贵,胡静,汤慧,沈晓夏,陈娴.中国森林乡村空间分布特征及其影响因素分析[J].农业工程学报,2022,38(10):258-266. |
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| 作者姓名： | 唐明贵 胡静 汤慧 沈晓夏 陈娴 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院/中国旅游研究院武汉分院,武汉 430079;2. 贵州商学院旅游管理学院,贵阳 550014 |
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| 基金项目： | 贵州省理论创新课题（GZLCLH-2021-519） |
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| 摘 要： | 森林乡村是生态文明建设的基本单元,是建设美丽中国和生态宜居乡村的重要载体,开展相关研究对推动乡村高质量发展具有重要的现实意义。基于全国7 586个森林乡村样本数据,采用非均衡指数、Moran''s I、热点分析和核密度估计工具识别森林乡村的空间分布特征,利用地理探测器测算主要影响因子对森林乡村空间分异的解释力。结果发现：1） 中国森林乡村呈现出"东部密中部散西部疏"的空间分异特征,分布方向为"东北-西南"走向,与胡焕庸线、气温和地形所形成的地理格局具有空间一致性。2）森林乡村呈集聚分布模式,空间溢出效应显著,热点区域范围北至沧州,南抵中山,西至商洛,东抵舟山（118°～126°E,24°～38°N）;极化现象突出,形成6个一级核心区和10个二级核心区。3） 公路密度、林业产值密度、乡村文化密度、年均气温、城镇化率、平均海拔和地形起伏度是森林乡村空间分异的主要影响因子,单因子空间分异解释力差异明显,双因子交互解释力强于单因子作用,公路密度、乡村文化密度和林业产值密度是交互解释力增强的关联主导因子。4）自然环境是影响森林乡村空间分异的基础性因素,并呈现出显著的气温和地形指向特征;城镇化率和林业产值密度是重塑其空间格局的主要动力,公路密度和乡村文化密度是其空间形态变化的引导力量,森林乡村空间格局是多因子长期交互作用的结果;研究还发现,随着公路密度、林业产值密度和城镇化率的增加,森林乡村数量和密度总体上呈现"先增后减"的阶段性变化特征。5）将森林乡村划分为都市型、交通型、产业型、文化型和综合型5大类,其中,都市型森林乡村主要分布在省会城市,区位优势显著,交通型、产业型和文化型森林乡村在不同区域形成集聚分布,单要素优势特征明显,而综合型森林乡村多要素作用相对均衡。未来,中国森林乡村建设与发展应根据其空间分布特征及其影响机制,按照因地制宜、分类推进和差异化发展原则,通过科学规划、合理布局和城乡统筹,有序推进森林乡村增量扩展和存量更新,有效解决乡村生态环境恶化和传统文化衰败问题。同时,不断提升主导因子的驱动能力,发挥不同类型森林乡村的比较优势,促进城乡融合发展,推动森林乡村全面振兴。
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| 关 键 词： | 农村 GIS 森林乡村 空间分布 影响因素 地理探测器 类型划分 乡村振兴 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021/12/21 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2022/4/10 0:00:00 |
Spatial distribution and influencing factors of forest villages in China |
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| Tang Minggui,Hu Jing,Tang Hui,Shen Xiaoxi,Chen Xian.Spatial distribution and influencing factors of forest villages in China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2022,38(10):258-266. |
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| Authors: | Tang Minggui Hu Jing Tang Hui Shen Xiaoxi Chen Xian |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Urban and Environmental Science, Central China Normal University/Wuhan Branch of China Tourism Academy, Wuhan 430079, China; 2. School of Tourism Management, Guizhou University of Commerce, Guiyang 550014, China |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: A forest village has been the basic unit of ecological civilization construction, further serving as an important carrier for beautiful China and ecologically livable villages. It has the important practical significance to promote the comprehensive revitalization and high-quality development of villages. Taking the 7 586 forest villages of China as the research objects, this study aims to identify the spatial structural characteristics of forest villages by Non-Equilibrium Index, Moran''s I, Getis-Ord Gi*, and kernel Density Estimation tool. The geographical coordinates of forest villages were also obtained by the Google Earth and digital processing with ArcGIS10.2. All the data was used to determine the explanatory power of the main influencing factors for the spatial distribution of forest villages by a Geodetector. The results were as followed: 1) The forest village showed a spatial differentiation characteristic of "dense in the east, scattered in the middle, and sparse in the west", with a "northeast-southwest" distribution direction, which was spatially consistent with the geographical pattern formed by Hu Huangyong line, temperature, altitude, and topography. Furthermore, the eastern, central, and western regions of high-density prefecture-level units accounted for 52.5%, 35%, and 12.5%, respectively, where the density of forest villages gradually increased from west to east. 2) There was a clustered distribution pattern in the forest village with the significantly spatial spillover effects, where the hotspots were located in the spatial range of 118°-126°E and 24°-38°N. There was a prominent polarization of the forest village, leading to 6 primary core areas and 10 secondary core areas in space. 3) The main influencing factors on the spatial differentiation were the road density, forestry output density, rural cultural density, average annual temperature, urbanization rate, average elevation, and topographic relief in forest villages. The interaction detection showed that the two-factor interaction presented a stronger explanatory power than the single-factor effect, where the road density, rural cultural density, and forestry output density were the leading factors associated with the increased interaction explanatory power. 4) There was a strong correlation between the spatial distribution of forest villages and the natural environmental elements. Temperature, altitude, and topographic relief were the binding factors for the formation of the basic spatial pattern of forest villages, whereas, the urbanization rate and forestry output density were the main driving forces for the spatial pattern of forest villages, while the road density and rural cultural density were the guiding forces for the change of the spatial distribution pattern of forest villages. It infers that the spatial pattern of forest villages was attributed to the long-term interaction of multiple factors. Correspondingly, the density and quantity of forest villages generally showed a "first increase and then decrease" phase change, with the increase of road density, forestry output density, and urbanization rate. 5) Forest villages have been classified 5 types of urban, communication, industry, culture, and comprehensive. Thereinto, the urban type of forest village which has remarkable location advantages was spread around the provincial capital, other types were aggregated distribution at different area in according with the remarkable advantage of single factor. However, the comprehensive type of forest village has been affected symmetrically by varied factors. Therefore, in the future, the development of forest village should be scientific planning, rational layout, and urban-rural integration on the basis of the features of spatial distribution and the effective mechanism, and following the principle of suitable to local condition, classified promotion, and differentiated development, to push orderly the incremental expansion and stock renewal of forest villages. So that the deterioration of eco-environment of village and the decay of traditional culture can be prevented effectively. Meanwhile, to advance the driving-power of dominant factor, and promote the development of integrated urban and rural by exertion of comparative advantage of different types of forest village, then to revitalize overall the forest villages. |
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| Keywords: | rural areas GIS forest village spatial distribution influencing factors Geodetector type division rural revitalization |
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