Estimation of the N fertiliser requirement of cotton grown after legume crops |
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| Institution: | 1. Australian Cotton Cooperative Research Centre, CSIRO Plant Industry, Cotton Research Unit, Locked Bag 59, Narrabri, NSW 2390, Australia;2. Australian Cotton Cooperative Research Centre, CSIRO Plant Industry, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia;1. US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Stress and Water Conservation Laboratory, Wind Erosion and Water Conservation Research Unit, Lubbock, TX USA;2. US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Stress and Water Conservation Laboratory, Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Research Unit, Lubbock, TX USA;3. Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Texas Tech University and Texas A&M Agrilife Research, Lubbock, TX USA;1. Soil Ecology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Goulandris Natural History Museum, 13 Levidou Street, 14562 Kifissia, Greece;2. National Agricultural Research Foundation, Institute of Soil Classification and Mapping, 1 Theophrastou Street, 41335 Larissa, Greece;3. USDA-ARS, University of Nebraska, 120 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE, USA;4. Department of Statistics, University of Nebraska, 340 Hardin Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0963, USA;1. USDA-ARS, Northern Plains Agricultural Research Laboratory, 1500 North Central Avenue, Sidney, MT 59270, USA;2. Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA |
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| Abstract: | In a series of legume-based cropping systems experiments, the economic optimum N fertiliser rate for cotton ranged from 0 to 186 kg N ha?1 depending on the cropping system and soil N fertility. The economic optimum N fertiliser rate was closely correlated with pre-sowing soil nitrate-N (0–30 cm) and petiole nitrate-N (at early flowering). Pre-sowing soil nitrate-N and petiole nitrate-N were also strongly correlated with cotton N uptake at late boll-filling and lint yield of unfertilised cotton.These analyses allow for the estimation of the N fertiliser requirement, providing revised calibrations that more precisely estimate the N-fertiliser requirement of irrigated cotton crops where legume cropping has substantially improved soil N fertility. Such management tools are essential to avoid the problems associated with over- or under-fertilizing cotton crops.The importance of optimising N fertiliser application was demonstrated by examining the effects of crop N nutrition on cotton maturity and fibre quality. Crop maturity (rate of boll opening) was delayed by 1 day for each 83, 16 or 24 kg fertiliser N applied per hectare in the three experiments. Increasing N fertiliser rates generally increased fibre length, and tended to increase fibre strength, whereas micronaire tended to decline. |
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