| 冬枣大小孢子发生及雌雄配子体发育 |
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| 引用本文： | 黄飞逸,豆苏含,张亚东,庞晓明,李颖岳.冬枣大小孢子发生及雌雄配子体发育[J].核农学报,2017,31(10). |
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| 作者姓名： | 黄飞逸 豆苏含 张亚东 庞晓明 李颖岳 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院/林木育种国家工程实验室,北京,100083;2. 河南龙源花木有限责任公司,河南许昌,461000 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金，中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金 |
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| 摘 要： | 为完善冬枣生殖生物学和枣树遗传改良理论基础,以不同发育时期的冬枣花蕾为材料,采用压片技术和常规石蜡切片技术,对冬枣大小孢子发生及雌雄配子体发育过程进行观察。结果表明,冬枣具五枚花药,花药四室,花药壁由表皮、药室内壁、1~2层中层和腺质型绒毡层组成,花药壁的发育属于基本型。小孢子母细胞胞质分裂为同时型,四分体的排列多数呈四面体型,成熟花粉具3个萌发孔,3沟,为二细胞型花粉。冬枣为2室子房,倒生胚珠,多胚珠,内外双层珠被,厚珠心;大孢子母细胞经减数分裂形成的四分体沿珠心呈直线排列,靠近合点端的大孢子发育为功能大孢子,经连续三次有丝分裂发育为七细胞八核的成熟胚囊,胚囊发育属于蓼型。冬枣雄蕊发育显著早于雌蕊,小孢子发育过程存在不同步和异常现象,花朵开放时雌、雄蕊发育趋于同步,大小孢子的发育进程与花蕾外部形态具有相关性。本研究揭示了冬枣大小孢子发生和雌雄配子体发育过程中的基本现象和规律,为枣胚胎学的进一步研究以及倍性育种提供了重要参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 冬枣 石蜡切片 大小孢子 配子体发育 |
Megasporogenesis,Microsporogenesis and Development of Female and Male Gametophytes of Ziziphus jujuba Mill.cv.Dongzao |
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| HUANG Feiyi,DOU Suhan,ZHANG Yadong,PANG Xiaoming,LI Yingyue.Megasporogenesis,Microsporogenesis and Development of Female and Male Gametophytes of Ziziphus jujuba Mill.cv.Dongzao[J].Acta Agriculturae Nucleatae Sinica,2017,31(10). |
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| Authors: | HUANG Feiyi DOU Suhan ZHANG Yadong PANG Xiaoming LI Yingyue |
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| Abstract: | To improve the theoretical basis of reproductive biology and genetic improvement of jujube tree,megasporogenesis,microsporogenesis and development of female and male gametophyte of Zizipltus jujube Mill.cv.Dongzao were studied by means of squashing and routine paraffin section technique.The results showed that Dongzao consists of five anthers and each anther has four cavities.The wall of anther is composed of epidermis,endothecium,one or two middle layers and glandular tapetum,the development of anther wall belongs to fundamental form.Cytoplasmic division of microsporocyte is simultaneous type and most of the tetrads are tetrahedron after reduction mitosis.The mature pollen grain has three germ pores and three grooves,belongs to two-cell type.Dongzao has 2-locular ovary,anatropous ovule,ovules numerous,double integument and crassinucellate ovule.The tetrads from meiosis of megasporocyte spread linearly along nucellus.The chalazal megaspore is the functional one which undergoes three times mitosis and develops into amature embryo sac with 7 cells and 8 nucleus.Embryo sac is polygonum-type.The development of stamens is obviously earlier than pistil.There are abnormal and asynchronous phenomena in the development of microspore.The stamens and pistil are accord when flowers bloom.The development stage of megaspore and microspore is related to the morphological characteristics of flower.This study reveals that the basic phenomenon and rules in megasporogenesis,microsporogenesis and development of female and male gametophytes of Dongzao,and provides important reference for future embryology research and ploidy breeding in jujube tree. |
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| Keywords: | Ziziphus jujuba Mill cv-Dongzao paraffin section megaspore and microspore development of gametophyte |
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