Prediction of blood orange MT firmness by multivariate modelling of low alterative penetrometric data set: A preliminary study |
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| Authors: | Paolo Menesatti Federico Pallottino Giacomo Lanza Graziella Paglia |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Animal Science, University of Santa Catarina State (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil;2. Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil;3. Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;4. Department Animal Production, UDESC, Lages, SC, Brazil;5. Graduate Program in Toxicology Biochemical, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil;1. Graduate School of Agriculture, Department of Biological Production Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan;2. Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan;3. Technical University Munich, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Institute of Plant Nutrition, Freising-Weihenshephan 85354, Germany;4. Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Institute of Land Use Systems, Head of Institute, Eberswalder str. 84, 15374 Muencheberg, Germany |
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| Abstract: | A study was conducted to evaluate a non-destructive method able to predict Magness–Taylor (MT) penetrometric firmness of blood oranges, potentially applicable for on-line selection. The method consisted of multivariate modelling of non-destructive penetrometric measurements performed on intact oranges with a 11.3 mm diameter probe by digital dynamometric equipment. The tests were carried out on 366 blood oranges (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Tarocco); 60 were used as a control group to verify the non-destructive nature of the tests. Four test factors were used on the fruit: two different levels of non-destructive deformation (1 and 3 mm), at two different deformation speeds (5 and 30 mm s?1). In order to obtain the reference parameter (MT firmness), a destructive penetrometric test followed each non-destructive deformation on the same fruit (deformation of 20 mm at 1 mm s?1). The force–deformation curves of the non-destructive tests were elaborated to calculate different texture parameters (max force, elasticity, work). These parameters with raw curve data (force values for constant deformation steps) were used, after autoscaling pre-processing, as X-block datasets in supervised multivariate modelling (partial least squares) to predict MT firmness values. Among the test factors used, the 30 mm s?1 speed and 3 mm deformation provided the best overall prediction of MT firmness. This comprised an r value of 0.76 and standard error of prevision (SEP) of 2.99 N for a MT firmness mean value of 35.65 N (8.4%). The time needed to apply the selected deformation may lead to a sorting speed of about 10 fruit per second, representing an acceptable value for commercial application. |
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