| 大豆玉米兼用清选装置的设计与试验 |
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| 引用本文： | 张黎骅,邱清宇,秦代林,罗惠中,袁森林,聂均杉.大豆玉米兼用清选装置的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2022,38(15):21-30. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张黎骅 邱清宇 秦代林 罗惠中 袁森林 聂均杉 |
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| 作者单位： | 四川农业大学机电学院，雅安 625000 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家玉米产业体系专项项目（CARS-02）；高地隙智能玉米跨行联合收获机的研发与示范（2020YFQ0033）；玉米-大豆带状复种关键环节机具和装备研究与示范（2021YFG0063） |
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| 摘 要： | 为解决大豆玉米间套作中收获机清选装置小，清选通用性差、清选时间不足导致的作业效果差等问题，该研究以4LZ-3.0Z小型自走式谷物联合收获机清选装置为基础，改进了一种大豆玉米兼用清选装置的试验台，首先使用EDEM建立玉米清选主要脱出物离散元模型，应用EDEM-Fluent耦合仿真对比原筛箱A（直上筛和下筛）、改进筛箱B（上筛分段、下筛凹面）、改进筛箱C（下筛凹面更大）的清选过程，验证设计合理性。然后选取振动频率、上筛倾角、下筛倾角为试验因素，以含杂率和损失率为试验指标，对大豆和玉米分别进行单因素试验和响应面试验，研究所选试验因素对试验指标影响，并分别获得两种作物最佳工作参数组合。仿真试验结果表明：筛箱B中籽粒透筛区域和物料移动趋势相对于A、C更加利于清选。试验结果表明：所选试验因素对试验结果均有显著影响（P＜0.05），对于两种作物，当振动频率增大，损失率和含杂率均先降低后上升；当上筛和下筛倾角增大，含杂率先下降后上升，损失率持续下降。大豆响应面试验结果表明：当振动频率为5.9 Hz、上筛倾角为10.5°、下筛倾角为6.5°，最优清选效果含杂率均值为0.622%，损失率率均值为0.439%；玉米响应面试验结果表明：当振动频率为4.7 Hz、上筛倾角为10.3°、下筛倾角为8.6°，最优清选效果含杂率均值为0.956%，损失率均值为0.771%，对比原机的清选装置，改进后大豆清选时含杂率降低38.8%，损失率降低45.9%；玉米清选时含杂率降低29.9%，损失率降低30.1%。本文可为大豆玉米通用联合收获机设计提供理论基础。
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| 关 键 词： | 农业机械 仿真 试验 清选装置 响应面分析 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022/6/30 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2022/7/30 0:00:00 |
Design and test of the dual-purpose cleaning device for soybean and corn |
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| Zhang Lihu,Qiu Qingyu,Qin Dailin,Luo Huizhong,Yuan Senlin,Nie Junshan.Design and test of the dual-purpose cleaning device for soybean and corn[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2022,38(15):21-30. |
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| Authors: | Zhang Lihu Qiu Qingyu Qin Dailin Luo Huizhong Yuan Senlin Nie Junshan |
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| Institution: | School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya''an 625000, China |
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| Abstract: | Sufficient clearing time, lower impurity content, and loss rate are highly required in the cleaning device of the harvester. The higher generality, larger size, and sieve surface of the device are also demanded during the clearing operation of the two crops of soybean and corn. In this study, an improved cleaning bench was optimized for the 4LZ-3.0Z small self-walking combined grain harvester. A testbed was also built for the cleaning device of soybean and corn. Firstly, the discrete element model was established for the main explants of corn cleaning using EDEM software. Secondly, the EDEM-Fluent coupling simulation was conducted to determine the trajectory and velocity changes of materials in the sieving box during cleaning. A comparison was made on the original sieve box A (Straight upper sieve and lower sieve), the improved sieve box B (Upper sieve section and lower sieve concave surface), and the improved sieve box C (Concave surface is larger). Thirdly, the force analysis was then verified to be the optimal design. The experimental factors were selected as the vibration frequency of the vibrating sieve, the inclination angle of the upper sieve, and the inclination angle of the lower sieve, particularly for the generality and performance of the cleaning device. The single factor test and response surface method (RSM) were carried out for the soybean and corn, with the impurity rate and the loss rate of the cleaning as the experimental indexes. Finally, the best parameter combination was obtained to clarify the influence of experimental factors on the indicators in the cleaning device for two crops. The simulation results showed that the grain movement in the process of cleaning was consistent with the force analysis. Specifically, there was miscellaneous accumulation in the sieve box C. Much more contribution of cleaning was achieved in the grain penetration area and the material movement trend in the sieve box B, compared with the box A and C. The test results of the two crops showed that the three selected test factors presented a significant influence on the parameters (P<0.05). Once the vibration frequency increased, the loss rate and impurity rate of the grain cleaning showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing during the cleaning of the two crops. By contrast, the impurity content decreased first and then increased, while the loss rate continued to decrease, as the inclination angle of the upper and lower sieve increased significantly. The RSM showed that the optimal working parameters of the equipment for the soybean cleaning were the vibration frequency of 5.9 Hz, the inclination angle of the upper screen at 10.5°, and the inclination angle of the lower screen at 6.5°. The optimal cleaning was achieved in this case, where the average impurity rate and loss rate were 0.622% and 0.439%, respectively. In corn cleaning, the optimal working parameters of the cleaning device were the vibration frequency of 4.7 Hz, the inclination angle of the upper screen at 10.3°, and the inclination angle of the lower screen at 8.6°. Correspondingly, the optimal cleaning was achieved, where the average impurities rate and loss rate were 0.956%, and 0.771%, respectively. Therefore, the impurity content and loss rate of the improved soybean cleaning were reduced by 38.8% and 45.9%, respectively, compared with the original. In corn cleaning, the impurity content and loss rate were reduced by 29.9% and 30.1%, respectively. This finding can provide a theoretical basis for the design soybean and corn combined harvester in the soybean and corn intercropping. |
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| Keywords: | agricultural machinery simulation test cleaning device response surface analysis |
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