Improvement of bacterial clearance and relief of clinical signs of
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection in pigs through
upregulation of Th 1-specific responses by administration of a combination of two silicate
minerals,biotite and bentonite |
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| Authors: | Jin-A LEE Bock-Gie JUNG Tae-Hoon KIM Yun-Mi KIM Hong-Bum KOH Bong-Joo LEE |
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| Institution: | 1)Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500–757, Republic of Korea;2)Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500–757, Republic of Korea;3)Department of Pulmonary Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 11937 US Hwy 271 Tyler, Texas 75708–3154, U.S.A. |
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| Abstract: | Biotite and bentonite are phyllosilicate minerals that were originally used in
industrial applications. Several beneficial activities of them have recently been
reported, especially regulation of the immune system and antimicrobial effects. Therefore,
we investigated the immune-enhancing and bacterial clearance effects of a biotite and
bentonite mixture (BBM) on experimental infection of Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) to determine whether the BBM could
be used as an alternative antibiotic. We administered 1% or 2% BBM as a feed supplement.
We then evaluated the bacterial clearance effects of the BBM against S.
Typhimurium. We also evaluated the immune-enhancing effect of the BBM through several
immunological experiments that included examination of the lysozyme activity,
CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio and the T-helper type 1 (Th 1)
cytokine profile. The clinical signs of S. Typhimurium and the number of
viable bacteria in feces and tissues were significantly decreased in both BBM groups,
especially in the 2% BBM group. The BBM also markedly enhanced the lysozyme activity,
CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio and expression levels of IFN-γ and
IL-12 in S. Typhimurium-challenged pigs. Therefore, the BBM could be a
good candidate as an alternative antibiotic that improves Th 1-specific immune responses
and the bacterial clearance effect. |
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| Keywords: | bacterial clearance bentonite biotite immune enhancing Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium |
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