Nematode diversity,food web condition,and chemical and physical properties in different soil habitats of an organic farm |
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| Authors: | Sara Sánchez-Moreno Sean Smukler Howard Ferris Anthony T O’Geen Louise E Jackson |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;(2) Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;(3) Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain |
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| Abstract: | The aim of this paper was to assess biodiversity among different habitats of an organic farm and the relationships between
some soil properties, nematode taxonomic diversity, and soil food web condition. Eight habitats were studied in the farm:
ponds, ditches, a riparian corridor, hedgerows, and four agricultural fields (mustard, oats, fallow, and legumes). The undisturbed
riparian corridor had higher soil  and  concentrations, and potentially mineralizable N and higher abundances of bacterivore nematodes and longer food webs. Canonical
correlation analysis showed associations between habitats and nematode trophic groups: predatory and bacterial-feeding nematodes
in the riparian corridor and hedgerows, omnivore nematodes in the ponds and ditches, and fungal-feeding nematodes in the legume
field. Soil chemical and physical properties mirrored the aboveground farm patterns and were more similar among habitats that
were or had been cultivated, compared to the riparian corridor. Soil food web indices, based on functional analysis of nematode
faunal composition, reflected the aboveground landscape heterogeneity. Discriminant analysis indicated that soil food web
indices separated the two most disturbed habitats (ponds and tailwater ditches) from the two least disturbed habitats (the
riparian corridor and hedgerows). The indices correlated with soil functioning as inferred by soil properties. Abundance of
nematode taxa was not associated with aboveground landscape patterns. The complexity of the soil food web may have been influenced
by (1) environmental factors that differed between years, (2) different time periods since disturbance in the various habitats,
and (3) movement of nutrients and organisms by water flow between habitats in the farmscale. |
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| Keywords: | Nematodes Farmscale Soil food web Diversity Organic farm |
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