Spatial spread of an alien tree species in a heterogeneous forest landscape: a spatially realistic simulation model |
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| Authors: | Emmanuelle Sebert-Cuvillier Valérie Simon-Goyheneche Frédéric Paccaut Olivier Chabrerie Olivier Goubet Guillaume Decocq |
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| Institution: | (1) Dynamiques des Systèmes Anthropisés, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 rue des Louvels, Amiens Cedex, 80037, France;(2) Laboratoire Amiénois de Mathématiques Fondamentales et Appliquées (UMR 6140 CNRS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu, Amiens Cedex, 80039, France |
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| Abstract: | The effect of environmental heterogeneity on spatial spread of invasive species has received little attention in the literature.
Altering landscape heterogeneity may be a suitable strategy to control invaders in man-made landscapes. We use a population-based,
spatially realistic matrix model to explore mechanisms underlying the observed invasion patterns of an alien tree species,
Prunus serotina Ehrh., in a heterogeneous managed forest. By altering several parameters in the simulation, we test for various hypotheses regarding
the role of several mechanisms on invasion dynamics, including spatial heterogeneity, seed dispersers, site of first introduction,
large-scale natural disturbances, and forest management. We observe that landscape heterogeneity makes the invasion highly
directional resulting from two mechanisms: (1) irregular jumps, which occur rarely via long-distance dispersers and create
new founder populations in distant suitable areas, and (2) regular, continuous diffusion toward adjacent cells via short-
and mid-distance vectors. At the landscape scale, spatial heterogeneity increases the invasion speed but decreases the final
invasion extent. Hence, natural disturbances (such as severe storms) appear to facilitate invasion spread, while forest management
can have contrasting effects such as decreasing invasibility at the stand scale by increasing the proportion of light interception
at the canopy level. The site of initial introduction influences the invasion process but without altering the final outcome.
Our model represents the real landscape and incorporates the range of dispersal modes, making it a powerful tool to explore
the interactions between environmental heterogeneity and invasion dynamics, as well as for managing plant invaders.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
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| Keywords: | Compiègne forest (France) Connectivity Disturbance Environmental heterogeneity Forest management Invasibility Long-distance dispersal Prunus serotina Population-based matrix model Resource availability |
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