| 施氏鲟仔稚幼鱼骨骼系统发育观察 |
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| 引用本文： | 高丽楠,胡红霞,王巍,董颖,吴立新.施氏鲟仔稚幼鱼骨骼系统发育观察[J].大连海洋大学学报,2021,36(2):295-302. |
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| 作者姓名： | 高丽楠 胡红霞 王巍 董颖 吴立新 |
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| 作者单位： | 大连海洋大学 水产与生命学院,大连116023;北京市水产科学研究所 渔业生物技术北京市重点实验室,北京100068;北京市水产科学研究所 渔业生物技术北京市重点实验室,北京100068;大连海洋大学 水产与生命学院,大连116023 |
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| 基金项目： | 北京市现代农业产业技术体系专项 |
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| 摘 要： | 为深入了解鲟形目鱼类骨骼生长发育过程,探究现存唯一的软骨硬鳞鱼骨骼适应性进化,采用软骨-硬骨双染色技术,对施氏鲟Acipenser schrenckii Brandt仔稚幼鱼的骨骼系统进行连续观察,总结出相应骨骼的生长发育规律及骨化时间。结果表明:施氏鲟初孵仔鱼观察不到明显的骨元件分化;仔鱼期的骨骼元件主要集中在头部,然后逐渐长出脊索和各鳍,本阶段未观察到任何骨化骨骼;稚鱼期进入快速生长阶段,10~15日龄时脑颅、咽颅及附肢骨骼迅速发育,身体各部分骨骼基本形成,20日龄时上颌骨、齿骨及牙齿开始骨化,24日龄时顶骨、后颞骨、下鳃盖骨、肩胛骨及背骨板外侧部分开始骨化,26日龄时翼耳骨、锁骨、匙骨开始骨化,28日龄时颊骨、额骨、胸鳍硬棘开始骨化,30日龄时围框骨、侧骨板开始骨化,背骨板基本完成骨化;进入幼鱼期,鱼体骨骼基础框架基本完成发育,吻部小骨片、腹骨板,以及腹鳍、臀鳍、背鳍、胸鳍最外侧幅状鳍条均已发生骨化。研究表明:施氏鲟骨骼发育起始于孵化后,且在发育过程中,与呼吸(颌弓)、摄食(鳃弓)和游泳能力(鳍)相关的骨骼优先发育,骨骼骨化顺序与发育顺序大概一致,20日龄时首次观察到骨化的骨骼,但骨化主要集中在24~30日龄;施氏鲟骨骼骨化时间与养殖环境、遗传等因素有关,本研究中还观测到不同批次施氏鲟骨骼骨化起始时间相差10 d。
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| 关 键 词： | 施氏鲟 仔鱼 稚鱼 幼鱼 骨骼发育 骨化 |
Observation of skeletal system development of larval and juvenile Amur sturgeon Acipenser schrenckii |
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| Authors: | GAO Linan HU Hongxia WANG Wei DONG Ying WU Lixin |
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| Institution: | (College of Fisheries and Life Scence,Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China;Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing 100068, China) |
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| Abstract: | In order to improve the understanding of skeleton growth and development of Acipenseriformes,and to explore the adaptive evolution of the only existing chondrostean,skeletal system of Amur sturgeon Acipenser schrenckii was continuously observed from newly hatched larvae to juvenile fish using the cartilage-bone double staining technique,and the growth and development schedule was summarized according to the ossification time of skeletons.No obvious differentiation of bone elements was observed in the newly hatched larvae,and skeletal elements were mainly distributed only on the head,and then notochord and fins,without ossified bones.The juvenile Amur sturgeon turned into rapid growth stage,neurocranium,splanchnocranium and appendicular skeleton developed rapidly,and the skeleton in all parts of the body were basically formed at 10-15 days post hatched(dph).At 20 dph,the maxilla,dentary and teeth began to ossify;at 24 dph,the parietal,posttermporal,suboperculum,scapula and the lateral part of dorsal scute appeared to begin to ossify;at 26 dph,the scapula,dorsal scute was completely ossified,and the pterotic,clavicle and cleithrum began to ossify at the same time.At 28 dph,jugal,frontal and spina of the pectoral fins began to ossify.At 30 dph,the postorbital began to ossify;the lateral scute was completely ossified.At the juvenile fish stage,the framework of skeleton was basically developed.The ossiculi rostralia,ventral scute,and the radialia of pelvic fin,anal fin,dorsal fin,and pectoral fin were ossified completely.In conclusion,the bone development of Amur sturgeon began after hatching,and the bones related to breathing(arcus mandibularis),feeding(arcus branchialis)and swimming ability(fins)were developed preferentially during the development,and the order of bone ossification was approximately consistent with that of development.The ossified bone was first observed at 20 dph,with the peak ossification at 24-30 dph,and the ossification time being involved in the breeding environment,heredity and other factors.In this study,there was 10 days difference in the bone ossification initiation time in different batches of artificial spawning in Amur sturgeon. |
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| Keywords: | Acipenser schrenckii larva fish juvenile fish young fish skeleton development ossify |
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