| 福建省将乐县生物防火林带阻隔网空间布局与规划 |
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| 引用本文： | 袁硕,李超,陈昊,MuhammadAmir,刘晓东.福建省将乐县生物防火林带阻隔网空间布局与规划[J].北京林业大学学报,2020,42(5):88-95. |
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| 作者姓名： | 袁硕 李超 陈昊 MuhammadAmir 刘晓东 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院，北京 100083 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（31770696） |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】福建省三明地区为森林火灾多发地区,为了阻隔森林火灾的蔓延、切断火源,降低火灾造成的亏损,以福建省三明市将乐县为研究区域,整体规划生物防火林带阻隔网。【方法】通过分析森林火灾时空分布规律,计算得出阻隔网密度和最小控制面积,然后利用空间分析、水文分析以及面向对象的空间特征提取等方法确定生物防火林带阻隔网的位置,再结合阻隔网现状,优化选取防火树种与阻隔网宽度,最终计算得出生物防火林带阻隔网密度,对将乐县生物防火林带阻隔网进行综合规划。【结果】最终确定生物防火林带阻隔网的密度为19.04 m/hm^2,最小控制面积为10 hm^2,共需营建生物防火林带阻隔网3591.67 km,山脊防火林带阻隔网1846.64 km,沟谷防火林带阻隔网384.21 km,林缘防火林带阻隔网1360.82 km。山脊防火林带阻隔网宽度取均值12 m进行计算,沟谷及林缘防火林带阻隔网宽度取均值9 m,得出规划生物防火林带阻隔网总面积为3786.49 hm^2,通过对比将乐县主要树种的抗火能力,选取以木荷为主,油茶、毛竹等为辅的防火树种,既能发挥较好的抗火性能又兼具经济效益。【结论】依据因地制宜、因害设防、适地适树、重在实效的原则,在总结福建省生物防火林带阻隔网营建技术经验的基础上,综合考虑阻隔网密度、最小控制面积、林带的位置、林带的有效宽度、树种的选择等重要参数之后,对将乐县的生物防火林带阻隔网进行了优化,不仅达到相关规定的生物防火林带阻隔网标准,并且建设成本可控,利用有限的资金发挥较好的防火效果。
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| 关 键 词： | 森林火灾 生物防火林带阻隔网 最小控制面积 防火树种 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-09-20 |
Spatial layout of biological fuelbreaks in Jiangle County,Fujian Province of eastern China |
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| Yuan Shuo,Li Chao,Chen Hao,Muhammad Amir,Liu Xiaodong.Spatial layout of biological fuelbreaks in Jiangle County,Fujian Province of eastern China[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2020,42(5):88-95. |
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| Authors: | Yuan Shuo Li Chao Chen Hao Muhammad Amir Liu Xiaodong |
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| Institution: | 1.School of Ecology and Nature Reserves, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China2.School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China |
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| Abstract: | Objective Sanming area of Fujian Province, eastern China is a forest fire-prone area. This study aims to reduce losses caused by fires and cutting off fire sources through the overall layout of biological fuelbreaks in the research area of Jiangle County, Sanming City of Fujian Province. Method In order to comprehensively plan the biological fuelbreaks in Jiangle County, we obtained the minimum control area by analyzing the spatial and temporal distribution of forest fires in Jiangle County over the past 12 years, determined the location of biological fuelbreaks through spatial analysis, hydrological analysis, and object-oriented spatial feature extraction and other methods and finally calculated the fire belt network density after selecting optimal fire-resistant tree species and determining the biological fuelbreak width based on statistics of the current status of biological fuelbreaks in Jiangle County. Result The density of biological fuelbreaks was finally determined to be 19.04 m/ha and the minimum control area was finally determined to be 10 ha. The final biological fuelbreaks need to be built were 3 591.67 km, including 1 846. 64 km in ridges, 384.21 km in valleys and 1 360.83 km in forest edges. The width of biological fuelbreaks of ridges was 12 m, and valleys and forest edges were both an average value, i.e. 9 m. Thus, the total area of the planned biological fuelbreaks was 3 786.49 ha. Choosing Schima superba as the major species, and Camellia oleifera and Phyllostachys heterocycla as subsidiary species after comparing the fire-resistant ability of main tree species in Jiangle County not only achieved a better result of fire prevention but also had economic benefits. Conclusion Based on the previous studies on fuelbreak construction in Fujian Province, and taking its density, minimum control area, construction location, and appropriate width into consideration, as well as the choose of fire-resistant tree species, this study has managed to optimize the spatial layout of fuelbreaks in Jangle County. This economical and pragmatical engineering, which is adaptative to local conditions will play an important role in fire prevention in Jiangle County of Fujian Province, eastern China. |
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| Keywords: | forest fire biological fuelbreaks minimum control area fire-resistant tree species |
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