| 我国抗ALS类除草剂油菜种质创制与研究进展 |
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| 引用本文： | 胡茂龙,浦惠明,张洁夫.我国抗ALS类除草剂油菜种质创制与研究进展[J].中国油料作物学报,2018,40(5):679. |
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| 作者姓名： | 胡茂龙 浦惠明 张洁夫 |
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| 作者单位： | 江苏省农业科学院经济作物研究所 / 农业部长江下游棉花与油菜重点实验室 / 国家油料作物改良中心南京分中心 / 江苏省现代作物生产协同创新中心，南京 210014 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划（2016YFD0101300）；国家自然科学基金（31671731）；国家现代农业产业技术体系项目 (CARS-13)；江苏省自然科学基金（BK20151369） |
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| 摘 要： | 化学除草是控制田间草害的有效手段，但我国油菜化除面积非常有限。创制对特定除草剂具有选择抗性的油菜新种质，选育抗性品种是实现我国油菜化除的有效途径。乙酰乳酸合酶(acetolactate synthase，ALS) 类除草剂具有高效低量、选择性强、杀草谱广等优点，在生产上得到广泛应用。本文简述了ALS 基因及其突变产生抗性的机制，着重介绍我国基于ALS靶酶突变的抗除草剂油菜种质创制、抗性生理生化和分子机理等方面的研究进展，并探讨了抗除草剂新种质在油菜抗性新品种选育、杂交油菜制种及抗性基因在转基因工程中的应用。
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| 关 键 词： | 油菜 化学除草 ALS类除草剂 靶酶突变 种质创制 抗性品种 |
Research advances of rapeseed germplasms with ALS-inhibiting herbicides resistance in China #br# |
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| HU Mao-long,PU Hui-ming,ZHANG Jie-fu.Research advances of rapeseed germplasms with ALS-inhibiting herbicides resistance in China #br#[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2018,40(5):679. |
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| Authors: | HU Mao-long PU Hui-ming ZHANG Jie-fu |
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| Institution: | Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture / Nanjing Sub-center, National Center of Oil Crops Improvement / Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing 210014, China |
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| Abstract: | Herbicides have become essential tools in modern agriculture for efficient weed control. However, chemical control of weed for rapeseed in China is quite limited. Developing germplasms with special herbicides resistance and breeding herbicide-resistant cultivars are desirable methods for chemical control of weed in rapeseed. Acetolactate synthase(ALS)-inhibiting herbicides have been widely used for controlling weeds due to their low application rates, high margins of crop safety, and their wide spectrums for weed control. This review started with brief induction of ALS genes and mechanisms of resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides due to ALS genes mutation, and then focused on development of rapeseed germplasms with herbicide resistance based on target enzyme mutation and research advances in physiological biochemical and molecular bases of herbicide resistance in China. Finally, the usages of rapeseed germplasms with herbicide resistance in the breeding of new herbicide-resistant cultivars and hybrid rapeseed production, as well as applications of herbicide-resistant genes in transgenic engineering were discussed. |
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| Keywords: | rapeseed chemical control of weed ALS-inhibiting herbicides development of rapeseed germplasms target enzyme mutation herbicide-resistant cultivars |
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