| 北疆超晚冬播小麦高产生育规律及干物质积累研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 薛丽华,王铜,李磊,周芳芝,王欢,苏文平,章建新.北疆超晚冬播小麦高产生育规律及干物质积累研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2019,37(6):153-159. |
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| 作者姓名： | 薛丽华 王铜 李磊 周芳芝 王欢 苏文平 章建新 |
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| 作者单位： | 新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830091;新疆农业大学农学院，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052;新疆农业科学院墨玉农业实验站，新疆 和田 848100 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（31760364）；新疆自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务经费项目（KY2017076）；新疆农业科学院科技创新重点培育专项项目（kjkcpy-003） |
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| 摘 要： | 为探明北疆超晚冬播小麦高产生育特性和干物质积累分配规律,2016—2018年采用裂区设计研究了3个超晚冬播处理(B_0、B_1、B_2)与春播处理(B_3)对新春6号、新春27号、新春29号、新春43号的生育特性、叶面积指数、干物质积累和产量的影响。结果表明:超晚播小麦比春小麦(B_3)早出苗13～24 d、早成熟7～9 d,延长生育期2～18 d,增加穗粒数1.6%～45.5%、增加千粒重9.4%～19.5%;降低基本苗数15.6%～60.0%、总茎数峰值5.4%～24.2%、成穗数21.3%～36.7%、叶面积指数峰值25.7%～37.7%,可增加干物质积累质量4.4%～44.1%,提高经济系数6.4%～21.5%,增加产量11.4%～21.2%。各品种超晚冬播处理以11月初播种(B_2)产量较高。其中,新春27号B_2获得产量7 852.8 kg·hm~(-2),生育期较春小麦延长13 d,早熟9 d;基本苗数270万株·hm~(-2)、成穗数441.7万穗·hm~(-2),最高叶面积指数4.6,干物质积累质量17 685.7 kg·hm~(-2),经济系数为0.47。新春27号在11月初播种,播量为1 000万粒·hm~(-2),可获得产量7 852.8 kg·hm~(-2)。
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| 关 键 词： | 小麦 超晚冬播 播期 春小麦 生育特性 干物质量 |
Study on the growth regularity of high yield and dry matter accumulation of the extremely\|late winter sown wheat in Northern Xinjiang |
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| XUE Lihu,WANG Tong,LI Lei,ZHOU Fangzhi,WANG Huan,Su Wenping,ZHANG Jianxin.Study on the growth regularity of high yield and dry matter accumulation of the extremely\|late winter sown wheat in Northern Xinjiang[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2019,37(6):153-159. |
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| Authors: | XUE Lihu WANG Tong LI Lei ZHOU Fangzhi WANG Huan Su Wenping ZHANG Jianxin |
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| Institution: | Grain Crops Research Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830091, China,College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China,College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China,Moyu Test Station, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hetian 848100, China,College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China,College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China and College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China |
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| Abstract: | In order to investigate characteristics of growth and dry matter accumulation and distribution of high yield wheat under extremely\|late winter sowing in the Northern Xinjiang. In 2016-2018, a split\|plot experiment design was used to study the effects of sowing date treatment of three extremely\|late winter sowing (B0, B1, and B2) and spring sowing (B3) on the growth characteristics, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, and yield of the Xinchun 6, Xinchun 27, Xinchun 29, and Xinchun 43. The results showed that compared with spring wheat (B3), extremely\|late sowed winter wheat emerged seedling 13~24 d earlier, matured 7~9 d earlier, extended growth period 2~18 d, increased grain number per ear by 1.6%~45.5% and 1000-grain weight by 9.4%~19.5%; reduced basic seedling number by 15.6%~60.0%, highest stem by 5.4%~24.2%, ear number by 21.3%~36.7%, and peak of leaf area index by 25.7%~37.7%; increased dry matter quality by 4.4%~44.1%, economic coefficient by 6.4%~21.5%, and yield by 11.4%~21.2%. Among of them, the yield of B2 treatment was higher in early November and the yield of Xinchun27 (B2) was 7 852.8 kg·hm-2 and the growth period was 13 days longer than that of spring wheat, and the maturity was 9 days earlier, and basic seedling number 270×104 with spike number of 441.7×104, maximum leaf area index of 4.6, dry matter accumulation mass of 17 685.7 kg·hm-2, and economic coefficient of 0.47. The Xinchun 27 was sown in early November, with a sowing density of 1 000×104 grains·hm-2, and yield attained 7 852.8 kg·hm-2. |
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| Keywords: | wheat extremely\|late winter sowing sowing date spring wheat growth characteristics dry matter |
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