| 基于资源环境管理角度推进测土配方施肥的方法探讨 |
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| 引用本文： | 李秋霞,黄驰超,潘根兴.基于资源环境管理角度推进测土配方施肥的方法探讨[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(8):167-175. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李秋霞 黄驰超 潘根兴 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 南京农业大学资环学院土壤系2. 南京农业大学 |
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| 基金项目： | 气候变化对农业生产的影响及应对技术研究（公益性行业（农业）科研专项经费 |
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| 摘 要： | 测土配方施肥技术是由传统经验施肥向科学计量施肥的转变，既能为农业生产节本增效，满足农民对合理施肥、利润最大化的需求，又能减少农业面源污染，大幅降低农业温室气体的排放量。起步于2005年的测土配方施肥项目经8年的发展，实现了由试点到巩固再到普及的历史性跨越，各地主要以不同区域、作物2条路线开展测土配方施肥技术，在全面推广测土配方施肥的过程中初步摸索出了测土配方施肥技术的应用模式，并带动了与科学施肥相关的技术推广、配肥加工、配肥产品销售服务等行业的发展，增加了相应的人才需求。但还存在推广环节薄弱、技术的农作物覆盖范围窄、撒施、表施、浅施等粗放施肥方式较为普遍等问题。因而建议今后逐步解决企业参与问题；尽快建立和完善蔬菜、果树等园艺作物的施肥技术体系，加大其测土配方施肥技术的推广力度；建立有效的技术指导、农化服务模式。土壤测试仪器设备、小配方肥研制及其针对性施用和农化服务机制等的完善，将会促进测土配方施肥技术的全覆盖以及配方肥的规模化生产，逐步以低碳农业取代传统高碳农业，切实推动农业转型的跨越性发展。运用适宜的资源与环境管理手段，引导农民自愿参与到应用测土配方施肥技术进行减排的碳交易活动中，既为高边际减排成本排放源提供全新的减排途径，也为应用测土配方施肥技术减排的农民带来了双重经济效益，从而扩大了测土配方施肥技术的推广面积，为中国农业减污减排做出巨大贡献。
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| 关 键 词： | 4-香豆酸辅酶A连接酶(4CL) 4-香豆酸辅酶A连接酶(4CL) |
| 收稿时间： | 2013/4/10 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2013/4/24 0:00:00 |
The Study on the Method of Soil Testing and Fertilizer Recommendation Based on the Perspective of Management of Resources and Environment |
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| Abstract: | The technology of soil testing and fertilizer recommendation is a transaction from traditional fertilization to scientific fertilization, which can not only decrease costs and increase benefits of agriculture, meeting farmers’ needs of rational fertilization and profit maximization, but also reduce agricultural non-point source pollution and greenhouse gas emissions greatly. The project of soil testing and fertilizer recommendation started from the year 2005 has achieved the historical leap from experimental unit to consolidation and then to further popularization. All regions carried out the project of soil testing and fertilizer recommendation in two routes of different districts and crops, preliminarily explored its application modes and driven the development of the industries of technology extension, formula fertilizer processing and sales service, increasing relevant talents demand. But the following factors weaken its efficiency: unsubstantial technology extension, narrow coverage and universal extensive fertilization. It’s necessary that it was needed to promote enterprise participation, establish soil testing and fertilizer recommendation index of horticultural crops, strengthen their popularization of soil testing and fertilizer recommendation and form efficient technical guidance and agrochemical service models in the future. The improvement of soil testing instruments, various formula fertilizers’ research and application and agrochemical service system will accelerate overall coverage of soil testing and fertilizer recommendation technology and mass production of formula fertilizers, replacing traditional high carbon agriculture with low-carbon agriculture gradually and pushing forward leap type development of agricultural transformation feasibly. Appropriate management means for resources and environment could be used to guide farmers to participate in carbon trading market voluntarily with the application of this technology, which provides a brand new approach for emission source of high margin costs in emission reduction to reduce emission, simultaneously bringing about double economic benefit to the people who use it. Hence, great contribution is made to the popularization of this technology and reduction in pollution and greenhouse gases emissions of Chinese agriculture. |
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| Keywords: | soil testing and fertilizer recommendation low carbon agriculture scientific fertilization agricultural sustainable development agricultural technology extension |
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