| 陇东旱地苹果园不同地面覆盖模式的水分与养分效应 |
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| 引用本文： | 尹晓宁,董铁,孙文泰,牛军强,刘兴禄,马明.陇东旱地苹果园不同地面覆盖模式的水分与养分效应[J].农业工程学报,2021,37(20):117-126. |
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| 作者姓名： | 尹晓宁 董铁 孙文泰 牛军强 刘兴禄 马明 |
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| 作者单位： | 甘肃省农业科学院林果花卉研究所,兰州 730070 |
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| 基金项目： | 甘肃省农业科学院学科团队项目（2020GAAS07）；科技部国家重点研发计划（2016YFD0201135）；国家苹果产业技术体系（CARS-27）；国家自然基金（31760555）；国家自然基金（31760556） |
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| 摘 要： | 为完善和改进果园树盘起垄覆膜集雨保墒模式，提高土壤墒情，探寻更加有效的果园保墒措施，该研究以17 a生苹果园为研究对象，设置常规树盘起垄覆膜行间清耕模式（F），在F 基础进行改进的树盘起垄覆膜+行间覆草模式（F+W）和树盘起垄覆膜+行间覆草+膜侧添加渗水穴模式（F+W+H）2种改进模式，以不起垄不覆盖为对照（CK），采用定点试验，连续3 a(2015年干旱、2016年秋旱和2017年常年降雨)开展苹果花前、果实膨大期及采后的水分效应，以及养分效应和树体生长发育响应研究。结果显示：3种覆盖模式可不同程度增加0～200 cm土层的含水率， 以2017年最显著，2种改进模式可缓解300～500 cm土层水分消耗，降低休眠期无效蒸散，3 a三种覆盖模式0～500 cm土层总蒸散量均极显著（P<0.01）低于CK，由低到高顺序为F+W+H、F+W、F、CK。2015年和2016年采后覆盖模式0～300 cm土层硝态氮累积量均极显著（P<0.01）低于CK（比CK低34.4%～39.6%）。3种覆盖模式增加果实中氮磷钾养分吸收，以钾最突出。F+W+H、F+W和F 3 a平均产量分别较CK提高13.1%、13.0%和8.3%。综合各种效应，以2种改进覆盖保墒模式F+W+H和F+W较优。
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| 关 键 词： | 土壤 含水率 苹果园 地面覆盖 硝态氮 果实养分吸收 产量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020/10/14 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2021/8/27 0:00:00 |
Effects of different soil surface mulching patterns on soil moisture and nutrient in dryland apple orchard in east Gansu Province |
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| Yin Xiaoning,Sun Wentai,Niu Junqiang,Liu Xinlu,Dong Tie,Ma Ming.Effects of different soil surface mulching patterns on soil moisture and nutrient in dryland apple orchard in east Gansu Province[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2021,37(20):117-126. |
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| Authors: | Yin Xiaoning Sun Wentai Niu Junqiang Liu Xinlu Dong Tie Ma Ming |
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| Institution: | Institute of Fruit and Floriculture Research, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, 730070, China |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: Drought and less rainfall is one of the main factors affecting the high quality, high yield and stability of apples on the Loess Plateau. In apple orchard, ridging and film mulching in the tree tray with rows clearing (F) is currently the most commonly used orchard mulching modes to preserve soil moisture, but moisture preservation is limited and still needs to be improved. For this reason, in the 17-year-old apple orchard in the main apple-producing area of the Loess Plateau in east Gansu province, on the basis of perfecting the ridge mulching of tree trays (F), it is combined with the straw mulching between rows to form a whole garden mulching model (F+W ), and on the basis of F+W, water seepage holes were added on the sides of film in row to form a three-dimensional moisture preservation model (F+W+H), with no ridging and no coverage as the control (CK). Continued three years a fixed point test was carried out to study the effects of different mulching models on soil moisture contents before flowering, in fruit expansion stage and after harvest, as well as nutrient effects and tree growth response. The results showed that the average moisture content of 0-100 cm soil layer in the three phases of the three mulching patterns was higher than that of CK in 2015(drought year),which of 0-100 cm soil layer of in 2016 (Autumn drought year), and 0-100 cm and 100-200 cm soil layer in 2017 (normal rainfall) of both F+W+H and F+W were extremely significant (P<0.01) while F significant (P<0.05) higher than CK. After harvest inter-annual the average moisture contents of 400-500 cm soil layer of F+W+H and 300-500 cm soil layer of F+W did not decrease significantly, but F and CK decreased significantly. From before flowering in 2015 to after harvest in 2017,the order of the total evapotranspiration of 0-500 cm soil layer for three years was F+W+H
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| Keywords: | soils moisture content apple orchard soil surface mulching NO3--N fruit nutrient uptake yield |
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