Predation risk allocation or direct vigilance response in the predator interaction between perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) and pike (Esox lucius L.)? |
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| Authors: | A Vainikka T Jokelainen R Kortet H Ylönen |
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| Institution: | Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland;, Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA, USA |
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| Abstract: | Abstract – Predation risk allocation hypothesis predicts that a prey's response to predator depends on prey's previous experience on predator. Here we tested whether the group of three perch respond differentially to pike, predator of perch, depending on the timing of high constant (HC) and high unpredictable (HU) risk periods within low constant risk periods in short-term (10 h) experiments, and whether the response is stronger during a HU risk period than during a HC risk period. Perch clearly erected the dorsal fin in response to predation risk treatments (pike odour only, odour and visible pike). Decrease in activity and increase in shoaling behaviour were observed mainly during high risk periods. However, the perch's responses to pike did not differ statistically between periods of various levels of predation risk or depending on the timing of high risk situations within constant low risk periods, and thus, suggesting that perch respond mainly to changes in the current predation risk. |
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| Keywords: | antipredatory behaviour olfaction shoaling visual |
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