| 影响荷斯坦牛产奶量差的因素分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 张强,梁艳,郭佳禾,唐程,王梦琦,张慧敏,李明勋,杨章平,毛永江.影响荷斯坦牛产奶量差的因素分析[J].中国奶牛,2020(3):18-23. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张强 梁艳 郭佳禾 唐程 王梦琦 张慧敏 李明勋 杨章平 毛永江 |
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| 作者单位： | 扬州大学动物科学与技术学院 |
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| 基金项目： | 江苏省农业自主创新基金(CX(17)1005);江苏现代农业(奶牛)产业技术体系(JATS[2018]300);江苏省高等学校自然科学研究项目(18KJA230003);江苏省“六大人才高峰”项目资助(NY-093)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 产奶量差是奶牛个体同一胎次前后2个泌乳月产奶量的差值,可准确反映产奶量变化情况。为探究影响荷斯坦牛产奶量差的因素,本研究收集整理了江苏省某大型奶牛场2015-2018年55 193头次荷斯坦牛生产性能测定记录,并利用最小二乘法分析胎次、测定年度、产犊季节、泌乳月4个因素对荷斯坦牛产奶量差的影响。结果显示:胎次、测定年度、产犊季节、泌乳月及其交互作用对产奶量和产奶量差均有极显著影响(P<0.01)。其中,不同胎次、测定年度和产犊季节的荷斯坦牛总产奶量在第2个泌乳月增加最快,产奶量差为8.79kg;头胎第6泌乳月、二胎第7泌乳月和三胎及以上第6泌乳月产奶量下降最大,产奶量差分别为-2.86kg、-4.59kg和-6.13kg;2015-2018年4个测定年度中,第10、第6、第7、第6泌乳月产奶量降低最大,产奶量差分别为-2.26kg、-4.98kg、-4.44kg和-3.56kg;春季产犊的荷斯坦牛第4泌乳月、夏季产犊的荷斯坦牛第12泌乳月、秋季产犊的荷斯坦牛第9泌乳月、冬季产犊的荷斯坦牛第6或第7泌乳月产奶量下降最大,产奶量差分别是-4.34kg、-4.71kg、-5.36kg和-5.40kg。此外,产奶量差与泌乳持续力呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与产犊间隔呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与泌乳天数、高峰奶、乳脂率、蛋白率、305d产奶量呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。因此,产奶量差作为衡量奶牛产奶量变化的指标之一,可为牧场进行科学饲养管理提供参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 产奶量差 荷斯坦牛 影响因素 |
Analysis of Factors Affecting Milk Yield Differences of Holstein Cows |
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| ZHANG Qiang,LIANG Yan,GUO Jia-he,TANG Cheng,WANG Meng-qi,ZHANG Hui-min,LI Ming-xun,YANG Zhang-ping,MAO Yong-jiang.Analysis of Factors Affecting Milk Yield Differences of Holstein Cows[J].China Dairy Cattle,2020(3):18-23. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Qiang LIANG Yan GUO Jia-he TANG Cheng WANG Meng-qi ZHANG Hui-min LI Ming-xun YANG Zhang-ping MAO Yong-jiang |
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| Institution: | (College of Animal Science and Technology,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009) |
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| Abstract: | Milk yield difference is the difference of milk yield for two consecutive months in the same parity, which can accurately reflects changes in milk production. To explore the effects of influence factors on milk yield difference of Holstein cows, 55 193 DHI records were collected from a big dairy farm in Jiangsu Province from 2015 to 2018. The least squares model was used to analyze the effects of four factors on milk yield difference of Holstein cows, including parity, year, calving season and lactation month. The results showed that, different parity, year, calving seasons, lactation month and their interaction had significant effects on milk yield difference of Holstein cows. Among them, the total milk yield of Holstein cows in different parity, year and calving season had the fastest growing in the second lactation month, whose milk yield difference was 8.79 kg. Milk yield in sixth lactation month of the first parity, seventh lactation month of the second parity, sixth lactation month of the third or more parity had the most decrease, whose milk yield difference were-2.86 kg、-4.59 kg and-6.13 kg, respectively. From 2015 to 2018, the milk yield decreased most in tenth, sixth, seventh and sixth lactation month, whose milk yield difference were-2.26 kg、-4.98 kg、-4.44 kg and-3.56 kg, respectively. The milk yield in the fourth lactating month of cows calved in spring, the twelfth lactating month of cows calved in summer, the ninth lactating month of cows calved in autumn, the sixth or seventh lactating month of cows calved in winter, declined fasted, whose milk yield difference are-4.34 kg、-4.71 kg、-5.36 kg and-5.40 kg, respectively. In addition, the milk yield difference showed significantly positively correlation with lactation duration(P<0.01) and calving interval(P<0.05), and significantly negatively correlated with the lactation days, peak milk, milk fat rate, protein rate, 305-days milk yield(P<0.01). Therefore, the milk yield difference of Holstein cows is one of the indicators to measure the milk yield, which provides a reference for the scientific management of dairy farm. |
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| Keywords: | Milk yield difference Holstein cows Influence factor |
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