| 北京西山砂壤土绿地雨水断接径流调控效应试验研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 郭瀛莉,张守红,陈明秀,阿娜尔,姜宇晨,曹书凝,谢朝帅.北京西山砂壤土绿地雨水断接径流调控效应试验研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2019,41(6):111-119. |
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| 作者姓名： | 郭瀛莉 张守红 陈明秀 阿娜尔 姜宇晨 曹书凝 谢朝帅 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京林业大学水土保持学院，北京 100083 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（2017ZX07102-001），北京林业大学大学生创新创业训练项目（201710022011） |
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| 摘 要： | 目的定量评估雨水断接系统的径流调控效应，探寻影响其径流调控效应的主要因素，为海绵城市建设过程中雨水断接系统水文设计和效益评估提供数据基础和科学参考。方法于2017年4—10月，取北京西山砂质壤土填充土槽（4 m长×0.6 m宽×0.25 m高），构建雨水断接试验系统并开展人工降雨试验，采用产流和峰现延迟时间及径流和洪峰削减率4个指标，定量分析绿地面积比例（25%、50%和75%）、绿地建设方式（平式绿地和深5 cm下凹式绿地）及绿地土壤前期含水量（26% ~ 30%和35% ~ 38%）对雨水断接系统径流调控效应的影响。结果本试验9组雨水断接系统的平均产流和峰现延迟时间分别为18和8 min，平均径流和洪峰削减率分别为38.9%和28.3%；雨水断接系统的径流调控效应随绿地面积比例增大而增强，绿地面积比例为25%、50%和75%的雨水断接系统的平均产流延迟时间分别为15、23和24 min，峰现延迟时间分别为5、5和15 min，径流削减率分别为29.4%、35.1%和52.2%；绿地下凹可增强雨水断接系统的径流调控效应，绿地下凹深度为0 cm和5 cm雨水断接系统的平均径流削减率分别为20.3%和52.3%，平均洪峰削减率分别为12.8%和35.4%；绿地土壤前期含水量越低（26% ~ 30%），雨水断接系统的产流延迟时间越长（17 min），径流和洪峰削减率越高（分别为44.1%和39.1%）。结论雨水断接系统具有较好的径流调控效应，能有效滞蓄地表径流，降低流速，延迟产流时间和峰现时间，削减径流总量和洪峰流量。
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| 关 键 词： | 海绵城市 雨水断接 人工降雨 径流调控 北京西山 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018-08-10 |
Experimental study on runoff control performances for impervious area disconnection system of sandy loam soil green space in West Mountains of Beijing |
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| Institution: | School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China |
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| Abstract: | ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the major factors impacting the runoff control performances of impervious area disconnection system. The results are expected to provide a data foundation and scientific reference for hydrological design and benefit assessment of impervious area disconnection system in the process of sponge city construction.MethodIn April to October 2017, at the Jiufeng artificial rainfall laboratory of Beijing Forestry University, impervious area disconnection system was constructed by filling the soil tank (4 m long × 0.6 m width × 0.25 m height) with sandy loam soil from Beijing West Mountain. Based on the artificial rainfall experiments, the runoff control effects of impervious area disconnection system with different ratios of green space areas (25%, 50% and 75%), green space construction methods (flat and with surface depression depth of 5 cm) and initial soil moisture contents (26%?30% and 35%?38%) were quantitatively evaluated using four indices including delay in initial runoff-yielding and peak discharge generation time, runoff and peak discharge reduction rates.ResultThe results showed that the average initial runoff-yielding and peak discharge delay time of the 9 groups of impervious area disconnection system in this experiment were respectively 18 and 8 min, and the average runoff and peak discharge reduction rates were respectively 38.9% and 28.3%. The runoff control efficiency of impervious area disconnection system increased with the ratio of pervious areas. When the ratio of pervious areas increased from 25% to 50% and 75%, the average initial runoff-yielding delay time increased from 15 min to 23 min and 24 min, respectively, and the average delay in peak discharge generation time was 5, 5 and 15 min, respectively, and the average runoff reduction rate increased from 29.4% to 35.1% and 52.2%, respectively. The runoff control efficiency was greatly influenced by the surface depression depths. Impervious area disconnection system with pervious areas surface depression depths of 0 and 5 cm could reduce runoff by 20.3% and 52.3% in average, respectively, and the average peak discharge reduction rates were 12.8% and 35.4%, respectively. The lower the initial soil moisture content of pervious areas (26%?30%) was, the longer the initial runoff-yielding delay time (17 min) was, the higher the runoff and peak discharge reduction rates (44.1% and 39.1%, respectively) were.ConclusionImpervious area disconnection system could effectively control runoff in urban areas by slowing down runoff, delaying initial runoff-yielding and peak discharge generation time, reducing runoff and peak discharge. |
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