| 杉木人工林近自然化改造对林下植被多样性和土壤理化性质的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 姜俊,刘宪钊,贾宏炎,明安刚,陈贝贝,陆元昌.杉木人工林近自然化改造对林下植被多样性和土壤理化性质的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2019,41(5):170-177. |
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| 作者姓名： | 姜俊 刘宪钊 贾宏炎 明安刚 陈贝贝 陆元昌 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.北京林业大学林学院，国家林业和草原局森林经营工程技术研究中心，北京 100083 |
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| 基金项目： | 中央高校基本科研业务费专项（2018ZY27），国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD060020501） |
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| 摘 要： | 目的研究近自然化改造下杉木人工林物种多样性和土壤理化性质的相关关系及其动态变化，探究改造后林下植被—土壤系统之间的相互影响关系，评估人工经营措施对杉木人工林群落的生态影响，为该区未来杉木人工林可持续经营提供科学依据。方法以中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心3种不同经营模式的杉木近自然改造林分和未经改造的杉木人工纯林作为对照，分析林下灌木和草本群落物种组成、植物多样性水平和土壤理化性质差异及其之间的相关性。结果改造后灌木层和草本层的丰富度、Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数和均匀度指数均高于未改造纯林。土壤理化指标在不同经营模式下变化特征不同，土壤含水量、有机质、全氮、全钾和速效钾含量受采伐影响明显（P < 0.05），均为改造样地大于对照样地，其中有机质含量最高，达56.68 g/kg。土壤含水量、土壤密度与草本植物多样性表现出一定的相关性，而与灌木层多样性指数无显著相关性；有机质与灌木层的Shannon-Wiener指数和丰富度指数均呈现显著正相关（P < 0.05），与草本无显著相关性；pH值与灌草层多样性指数均无显著相关性。结论改造后杉木人工林土壤全氮、全磷、全钾、速效钾有机质和含水量与林下灌草多样性指数的相关性最为密切，建议采伐后保留450 ~ 600株/hm2配合林下30 ~ 40株阔叶树种补植作为该区域经营指标参考，并重视经营措施下的人工林林下植被多样性与土壤理化性质产生的相互关系。
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| 关 键 词： | 杉木人工林 近自然化改造 林下植被 多样性 土壤理化性质 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-01-15 |
Effects of stand density on understory species diversity and soil physicochemical properties after close-to-nature transformation management of Chinese fir plantation |
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| Institution: | 1.College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100083, China2.Research Institute of Resources and Information Technique, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China3.Experiment Center of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangxi Youyiguan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Pingxiang 532600, Guangxi, China |
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| Abstract: | ObjectiveThis paper analyzes understory species diversity, soil physicochemical traits and their relationships in the close-to-nature management of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantation.MethodPlant species composition and diversity (richness index, Simpson index, Shannon index, and Pielou index) in disturbed communities were measured, and the variation of soil properties and their correlation with diversity were evaluated.ResultThe results showed that species density and composition showed significant difference among the shrub layer and herb layer. With the increases of management intensity, species number and diversity in the tree and herb layers first increased, and then decreased. Both of them increased with the increase of density, with the maximum value presented at the model (450?600 tree/ha). Except for soil pH, the concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available potassium, and organic matter and soil moisture contents were closely related to shrub and herb layer diversity index.ConclusionOur results indicated that there were correlations between soil environmental factors and plant diversity, with the correlations between soil total phosphorus, total potassium, available potassium, organic matter, and species diversity of community being significant. Meanwhile, the moderate intensity of management could increase species diversity in the understory and improve the soil physicochemical property. The results suggest that the density at 450?600 tree/ha and 30?40 tree broad-leaves replanting would be more beneficial to improve the stability of species diversity and soil fertility． |
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