| 基于HYDRUS-2D模型的玉米高出苗率地下滴灌开沟播种参数优选 |
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| 引用本文： | 莫彦,李光永,蔡明坤,王丹,徐新涵,边新洋.基于HYDRUS-2D模型的玉米高出苗率地下滴灌开沟播种参数优选[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(17):105-112. |
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| 作者姓名： | 莫彦 李光永 蔡明坤 王丹 徐新涵 边新洋 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院,北京 100083;中国水利水电科学研究院水利研究所,北京 100048;2. 中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院,北京,100083;3. 京蓝沐禾节水装备有限公司,赤峰,024000 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家十二五科技支撑计划课题（2014BAD12B05） |
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| 摘 要： | 开沟播种是一种可显著提高地下滴灌春玉米出苗率的新型播种方式,为了优化该技术模式,该文通过两年田间试验分析了地下滴灌玉米出苗率与灌水后种子处土壤有效饱和度(effective saturation)的关系,并基于HYDRUS-2D构建了地下滴灌开沟播种土壤水分运动模型,以90%玉米出苗率为前提,研究了不同土质和土壤初始含水率条件下3个技术参数——开沟深度、滴灌带埋深和灌水量对种子处土壤有效饱和度的影响.结果表明:1)出苗率随土壤有效饱和度线性递增,土壤有效饱和度不小于0.77时,出苗率超过90%;2)地下滴灌开沟播种HYDRUS-2D模型模拟精度较高,模拟得到的土壤有效饱和度随开沟深度增大而增大,随滴灌带埋深增大而减小;3)满足土壤有效饱和度为0.77所需的出苗水灌水量随土壤黏粒含量、土壤初始含水率和开沟深度增大而减小,随滴灌带埋深增大而增大.当表层土壤初始含水率为40%田持~60%田持时,开沟深度每增加5cm,砂壤土的出苗水灌水量减小15~20mm,粉壤和粉黏土的出苗水灌水量减小6~18mm;滴灌带埋深由30cm增大到35cm时,砂壤土的出苗水灌水量增大16~21mm,粉壤和粉黏土的出苗水灌水量增大4~14mm.不同埋深和开沟深度下,当表层土壤初始含水率由40%田持增大到60%田持时,砂壤土的出苗水灌水量减小9~14mm,粉壤和粉黏土的出苗水灌水量减小9~19mm;4)综合考虑土壤质地、玉米根系分布、机械作业、耗能、耕作深度和土壤水深层渗漏以及土壤初始含水率,玉米地下滴灌适宜的滴灌带埋深为30~35cm,开沟深度为10~15cm,灌水量范围为25~67mm.农业生产者可以根据当地实际情况对以上3个技术参数进行合理配置.
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| 关 键 词： | 灌溉 质地 含水率 地下滴灌 开沟播种 HYDRUS-2D 土壤有效饱和度 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017/4/1 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2017/8/10 0:00:00 |
Selection of suitable technical parameters for alternate row/bed planting with high maize emergence under subsurface drip irrigation based on HYDRUS-2D model |
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| Mo Yan,Li Guangyong,Cai Mingkun,Wang Dan,Xu Xinhan and Bian Xinyang.Selection of suitable technical parameters for alternate row/bed planting with high maize emergence under subsurface drip irrigation based on HYDRUS-2D model[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(17):105-112. |
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| Authors: | Mo Yan Li Guangyong Cai Mingkun Wang Dan Xu Xinhan and Bian Xinyang |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; 2. Irrigation and Drainage Department, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China;,1. College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;,1. College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;,1. College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;,1. College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; and 3. Kingland Technology Muhe Water-saving Equipment Company, Chifeng 024000, China; |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) is an advanced water-saving irrigation method. Alternate row/bed planting is a sowing technique with a 10 cm deep trapezoidal furrow; seeds are then sown in 5 cm deep soil below the furrow bottom. It can significantly improve the germination of spring maize under subsurface drip irrigation. To optimize this technology, 2-year field experiments were performed in Chifeng, Inner-Mongolia, China to study the relationship between the emergence rate of spring maize and soil effective saturation of soil at the location of the seeds after different pre-emergence irrigation amounts from 15 to 60 mm. A HYDRUS-2D model was established to obtain soil effective saturation when seed germination rate reached 90% and then to investigate effect of furrow depth, dripline depth, and irrigation amount in the conditions of different soil texture and initial water content on soil effective saturation in order to obtain best technique parameters combination for seed germination. The irrigation amount was 15, 25, 45 and 60 mm; the furrow depth was 0 and 10 cm; the dripline depth was 30 cm. The germination rate was obtained when the seed germination kept stabilized. The results showed that the maize germination rate increased linearly with soil effective saturation (R2=0.70,P<0.01). The HYDRUS-2D model simulation results had a high agreement with the measured soil water content with the root mean square error of 0.024-0.035 cm3/cm3). The soil effective saturation was not less than 0.77 for 90% of germination rate. The simulation results showed that the soil effective saturation increased with the increase of furrow depth and decreased with the increase of dripline depth. The required irrigation amount to meet the effective saturation of 0.77 decreased with the increase of soil clay content due to the larger hydraulic conductivity of the fine textured soil. The required irrigation amount to meet the effective saturation of 0.77 also decreased with the increase of initial soil water content and furrow depth, and increased with the increase of dripline depth. When the initial water content of the surface soil was 40%-60% field water holding capacity, the required irrigation amount to meet the effective saturation of 0.77 decreased by 15-20 mm for sandy loam, by 6-15 mm for silty loam and by 7-18 mm for silty clay respectively, with the increase of furrow depth by 5 cm. When the dripline depth increased from 30 to 35 cm, the required irrigation amount to meet the effective saturation of 0.77 increased by 16-21 mm for sandy loam, and by 4-14 mm for silty loam and silty clay. Under the different furrow depths and dripline depths, when the initial water content of surface soil increased from 40% to 60% of the field capacity, the required irrigation amount to meet the effective saturation of 0.77 decreased by 9-14 mm for sandy loam, and decreased by 9-19 mm for silty loam and silty clay. Considering the spring maize root distribution, cultivation and deep percolation, the dripline depth should be 30 and 35 cm; considering the soil texture, mechanical operation and energy consumption, the furrow depth should be 10 and 15 cm. Within the range of furrow depth and dripline depth mentioned above, the optimal irrigation amount was 25-67 mm. The study gives agricultural managers a guideline to determine the optimal combination of the 3 parameters. |
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| Keywords: | irrigation texture water content subsurface drip irrigation alternate row/bed planting HYDRUS-2D soil effective saturation |
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