| 中国农村能源生产消费现状与发展需求分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 丛宏斌,赵立欣,王久臣,姚宗路.中国农村能源生产消费现状与发展需求分析[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(17):224-231. |
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| 作者姓名： | 丛宏斌 赵立欣 王久臣 姚宗路 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 农业部规划设计研究院农村能源与环保研究所,北京 100125;农业部农业废弃物能源化利用重点实验室,北京 100125;2. 农业部农业生态与资源保护总站,北京,100125 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国工程院重大咨询项目"推动能源消费与生产革命战略研究（II期）" |
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| 摘 要： | 农村能源是中国能源体系的重要组成部分,是建设美丽乡村的重要物质基础.通过对官方统计数据与文献资料的归纳整理和系统分析,论述了中国农村生活与生产用能现状与基本特征,农村能源消费中煤炭占主导地位,农村生活用能中的煤炭消费占33.8%,农村生产用能中的煤炭占51.5%,另外,可再生能源使用量较低,当前农村生活用能消费结构不合理.阐释了农村能源产业规模、产业技术与产业政策的现状,并在此基础上,分析了中国农村能源发展中存在的主要问题与近期基本需求.最后,概述了的分布式能源系统、北方农村地区供暖、生物质能源化资源化综合利用、农村节能等农村能源发展的基本方向.
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| 关 键 词： | 农村地区 能源利用 生产 发展需求 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017/3/20 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2017/8/3 0:00:00 |
Current situation and development demand analysis of rural energy in China |
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| Cong Hongbin,Zhao Lixin,Wang Jiuchen and Yao Zonglu.Current situation and development demand analysis of rural energy in China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(17):224-231. |
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| Authors: | Cong Hongbin Zhao Lixin Wang Jiuchen and Yao Zonglu |
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| Institution: | 1. Center of Energy and Environmental Protection , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering; 2. Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China; 3. Rural Energy & Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture,1. Center of Energy and Environmental Protection , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering; 2. Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China; 3. Rural Energy & Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture,1. Center of Energy and Environmental Protection , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering; 2. Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China; 3. Rural Energy & Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture and 1. Center of Energy and Environmental Protection , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering; 2. Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China; 3. Rural Energy & Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: Deepening the construction of rural energy is an important means to optimize the rural energy structure, eliminate the energy poverty of farmers, improve the efficiency of rural energy use and protect the ecological environment of agriculture, and it is also the important content on implementation of air pollution prevention, development of renewable energy and China''s energy revolution. Through the summary and systematic analysis of official statistics and literature, current situation and basic characteristics of rural energy in China were discussed. The dominance of coal is obvious in rural energy consumption, which covered 33.8% of rural living energy consumption, and accounted for 51.5% in rural production energy. In addition, the proportion of renewable energy is very low, and the current structure of rural living energy consumption is unreasonable. The current situation of rural energy industry scale, industrial technology and industrial policy were explained, and the main problems and the basic needs in the development of rural energy in China were analyzed. Finally, the basic development directions of rural energy were summarized, such as the distributed energy system, the heating of the northern rural areas, the comprehensive utilization of biomass energy resources, and the rural energy conservation. In 2014, China''s rural energy consumption was 760 million tons of standard coal, accounting for 17.8% of the total energy consumption, of which the rural living energy was 430 million tons of standard coal, accounting for 56.6%, rural production energy was 330 million tons of standard coal, accounting for 43.4%. The proportion of non-commercial energy in rural living energy consumption was as high as 48.4%, and the commercialization rate of rural living energy was affected by regional economic conditions and fossil energy resource endowments. The administrative areas with high commercialization degree included Beijing, Tianjin, Qinghai, Shanxi and Guangdong. Energy consumption per capita was significantly affected by climate conditions, level of economic development. Administrative regions which saw higher value included Heilongjiang, Jilin, Shanxi, Beijing, Inner Mongolia et al. The proportion of commercial energy accounted for 90.2% for rural production energy, which was basically fulfilled by the national unified energy supply system. The problems of rural energy poverty and energy equity still exist, e.g. a large number of poor quality scattered coal pollution causes serious air pollution, poor technical economy of renewable energy leads to a slowly industry development, the backwardness of energy infrastructure leads to widespread difficulties in rural energy. Clear strategic positioning, strengthen the top design, implementation of key tasks, strengthen the conditions of support, improvement of service capacity are the strategic needs of rural energy development. The rural energy industry in general shows a good momentum of development. Biomass power generation and molding fuel industry technology have made great progress; biogas industry develops into a new stage of transformation and upgrading, and solar thermal industry continues to develop steadily. According to local conditions, the development of biomass energy, solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy and other complementary energy system are important directions of rural energy. Heating, as the core of rural energy development and utilization technology, is the focus of recent rural energy technology development. At the same time, rural energy-saving technology promotion should not be ignored. |
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| Keywords: | countryside energy utilization production development path |
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