| 四川不同生态区高产栽培条件下的杂交籼稻的稻米品质 |
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| 引用本文： | 田青兰,李培程,刘利,张强,任万军.四川不同生态区高产栽培条件下的杂交籼稻的稻米品质[J].作物学报,2015,41(8):1257-1268. |
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| 作者姓名： | 田青兰 李培程 刘利 张强 任万军 |
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| 作者单位： | 1四川农业大学农学院 / 农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室, 四川温江611130；2南充市种子站，四川南充637000 |
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| 基金项目： | 本研究由国家粮食丰产科技工程项目(2013BAD07B13-02，2011BAD16B05)和国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303102)资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 郫县、汉源、射洪、邻水是四川具代表性的4个生态区,郫县位于成都平原区,土壤肥沃但受弱光限制;汉源位于攀西高海拔地区,温光充足;射洪位于川中丘陵区,受地形制约而气温日差较小;邻水则位于川东丘陵区,水资源缺乏且受干旱等灾害制约。本文以位于这4个典型生态区实施的水稻高产示范片为研究对象,分别对4个生态区及各生态区不同栽培方式、不同高产水平的杂交籼稻稻米碾米品质、外观品质、蛋白质含量、直链淀粉含量及淀粉RVA谱特征值进行比较研究。结果表明:(1)生态条件与稻米品质有密切关系,受气温和土壤肥力影响较大,郫县的稻米品质最优,邻水相对较劣;齐穗前后气温略高及较高的土壤全氮、全钾、速效磷含量有利于高碾米品质的形成;土壤全磷含量的降低可显著增加米粒长宽比;灌浆成熟期的高温会增加稻米的垩白粒率和垩白度,而土壤速效磷含量高则有利于降低垩白粒率和垩白度;灌浆结实期的高温也会降低稻米蛋白质含量;直链淀粉含量随土壤有机质含量的升高而升高;峰值黏度与土壤全钾含量显著负相关,崩解值与土壤全钾、速效磷显著负相关,还与齐穗前8~21 d的日最高气温显著正相关,回复值、峰值时间与齐穗前14~21 d日最高气温、抽穗至成熟期日最高气温呈显著或极显著负相关,与土壤碱解氮呈显著正相关。(2)各栽培方式间,机直播的碾米品质较优,优化定抛的直链淀粉含量较高,而机插的峰值黏度、崩解值较高,消减值较低,蒸煮食味品质较好。(3)高产及超高产田块的碾米品质整体较优,而外观品质和蒸煮食味品质相对较差。本研究可为四川杂交中籼稻高产优质栽培技术提供理论参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 杂交籼稻 生态区 栽培方式 高产 稻米品质 |
| 收稿时间： | 2015-01-21 |
Quality of Indica Hybrid Rice under the High-yield Cultivation Conditions in Different Ecological Regions of Sichuan Province,China |
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| TIAN Qing-Lan,LI Pei-Cheng,LIU Li,ZHANG Qiang,REN Wan-Jun.Quality of Indica Hybrid Rice under the High-yield Cultivation Conditions in Different Ecological Regions of Sichuan Province,China[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2015,41(8):1257-1268. |
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| Authors: | TIAN Qing-Lan LI Pei-Cheng LIU Li ZHANG Qiang REN Wan-Jun |
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| Institution: | 1.College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Cultivation in Southwest China, Wenjiang 611130, China;2.Seed Administrative Station of Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China |
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| Abstract: | Pixian, Hanyuan, Shehong, and Linshui are four ecological regions of Sichuan province representative. Pixian lies in Chengdu Plain, having plenty of fertile soil, but weak light. Hanyuan lies in the high altitude area of Panxi, with sufficient temperature and light resources. Shehong lies in the hilly area of mid Sichuan plateau, and is restricted by terrain so that the temperature difference is small. Linshui lies in the hilly area of East Sichuan, it lacking in water resources and often having drought stress. The experiment was conducted in the high-yielding rice demonstration sites in four typical ecological regions of Sichuan Province to study milling quality, apparent quality, protein content, amylose content, RVA profile characteristic values of hybrid indica rice with different yield levels under different cultivation patterns. The results were as follows: (1) There was a close relation between ecological conditions and rice grain quality. Pixian had the best milling quality among the four ecological regions, and Linshui had the worst one. The slightly higher temperature before and after full panicle stage and higher total N, total K, available P in the soil were in favor of the formation of high milling quality. Soil total P could significantly increase the rice aspect ratio. The high temperature at grain filling period increased the rice chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree, while high soil available P was of benefit to reducing the rice chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree. The high temperature in grain filling period was able to reduce the rice protein content. The rice amylose content was rising with the increase of soil organic matter. Peak viscosity had a significant negative correlation with soil total K. Breakdown viscosity had a significant negative correlation with soil total K and available P, while a significant positive correlation with the maximum temperature from 8 to 21 d before full heading. Consistency viscosity and peak time both had a significant negative correlation with the maximum temperature from 14 to 21 d before full heading and the maximum temperature from heading to maturity. In addition, consistency and peak time had a significant positive correlation with the soil available N. (2) Among cultivation patterns, mechanized direct-seeding gained the better milling quality. Optimal cast?transplanting had higher amylose content, but mechanized transplanting had higher peak viscosity and breakdown viscosity, and lower setback viscosity, resulting better cooking and eating quality. (3) High-yield and super high-yield plots had better milling quality, but relatively poor cooking and eating quality and apparent quality. This study provides a theoretical reference for the high yield and high quality cultivation techniques of hybrid indica rice in Sichuan Province. |
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| Keywords: | Indica hybrid rice Ecological regions Cultivation patterns}High-yield Rice quality |
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