| 不同株高夏玉米品种的氮素吸收与利用特性 |
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| 引用本文： | 范霞,张吉旺,任佰朝,李霞,赵斌,刘鹏,董树亭.不同株高夏玉米品种的氮素吸收与利用特性[J].作物学报,2014,40(10):1830-1838. |
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| 作者姓名： | 范霞 张吉旺 任佰朝 李霞 赵斌 刘鹏 董树亭 |
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| 作者单位： | 作物生物学国家重点实验室 / 山东农业大学农学院, 山东泰安271018 |
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| 基金项目： | 本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31271662), 山东省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(SDAIT-01-022-05)和国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203100)资助。 |
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| 摘 要： | 选用鲁单981(LD981)、郑单958(ZD958)和登海661(DH661)3个不同株高玉米品种,在大田和栽培池条件下分别设67500株hm–2和82500株hm–2 2个种植密度,0和180 kg hm–2 2个施氮量。大田试验的氮肥以开沟方式施入,栽培池试验氮肥分别以5、20和40 cm深度分层施入,利用15N同位素示踪技术研究不同株高夏玉米对氮素的吸收与利用特性。结果表明,与67500株hm–2种植密度比较,82500株hm–2种植密度夏玉米籽粒产量及氮素偏生产力显著提高。夏玉米吸收的氮素69.3%~77.3%来自土壤,22.7%~30.7%来自肥料;土壤氮和肥料氮收获指数分别为54.6%和57.5%。与67500株hm–2种植密度比较,82500株hm–2种植密度矮秆品种DH661氮素积累来自肥料的比例显著降低,中品种ZD958和高秆品种LD981没有显著变化;中、高秆品种肥料氮收获指数显著降低,矮秆品种增加。5 cm土层施氮对植株肥料氮积累量贡献率最大,40 cm土层施氮对植株肥料氮的贡献率最小,随着株高增加,深层(40 cm)氮对植株肥料氮积累量的贡献率逐渐增加,浅层(5 cm)氮对植株肥料氮积累量的贡献率逐渐降低。中、高秆品种对土壤深层40 cm施氮的氮肥回收率较高,而矮秆品种对土壤浅层20 cm施氮的氮肥回收率较高;20 cm和40 cm15N在20~40 cm和40~60 cm土层残留量分别达到60%,说明矮秆品种对20~40 cm土层氮素回收率较高,中、高秆品种对40~60 cm土层氮素回收率较高。
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| 关 键 词： | 株高 夏玉米 土层深度 氮素回收率 15N同位素示踪 |
| 收稿时间： | 2014-01-15 |
Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization of Summer Maize Hybrids with Different Plant Heights |
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| FAN Xia,ZHANG Ji-Wang,REN Bai-Zhao,LI Xia,ZHAO Bin,IU Peng,DONG Shu-Ting.Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization of Summer Maize Hybrids with Different Plant Heights[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2014,40(10):1830-1838. |
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| Authors: | FAN Xia ZHANG Ji-Wang REN Bai-Zhao LI Xia ZHAO Bin IU Peng DONG Shu-Ting |
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| Institution: | State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology / Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China |
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| Abstract: | In order to explore nitrogen absorption and utilization characteristics of summer maize hybrids with different plant heights, high-stalk hybrid (Ludan 981, LD981), medium-stalk hybrid (Zhengdan 958, ZD958) and short-stalk hybrid (Denghai 661, DH661) were used in field experiment and and pool cultivation experiment15N isotopic dilutions. Results showed that the grain yield and partial factor productivity of fertilizer N (NPFP) at the planting density of 82 500 plants ha-1 increased significantly compared with those at 67 500 plants ha-1–40 cm soil layer, however, more N uptake of high-stalk and medium-stalk hybrids was from 40–60 cm soil layer.. The amounts of nitrogen derived from fertilizer N ranged from 69.3% to 77.3%, N harvest indexes of soil and fertilizer N were 54.6% and 57.4%, respectively. The proportion of N accumulation from fertilizer of short-stalk hybrid at 82 500 plants ha-1 decreased significantly compared with those at 67 500 plants ha-1, while the proportion of medium-stalk and high-stalk hybrids was not changed significantly. The fertilizer N harvest index of medium and high-stalk hybrids decreased significantly, while that of short-stalk hybrid increased significantly. 15N applied in 5 cm soil made the least contribution to the fertilizer nitrogen accumulation of whole plant, 15N application in 40 cm soil made the greatest contribution to the fertilizer nitrogen accumulation of whole plant. With the increase of plant height, the contribution of 15N in 40 cm soil to the fertilizer nitrogen accumulation gradually decreased. The N recovery rate (NRR) of high-stalk and medium-stalk hybrids at 40 cm soil layer was higher than that of 5 cm and 20 cm. Contrarily, NRR of short-stalk hybrid at 20 cm higher than that at 40 cm and 5 cm. Therefore, more N uptake of the short-stalk hybrid was from 20 |
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| Keywords: | Plant height Summer maize Soil depth N recovery rate 15N isotope |
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