Host suitability of three avocado cultivars (Persea americana Miller: Lauraceae) to oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera (invadens) dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae)) |
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| Institution: | 1. Agri-Biotech Research Consultancies (ABRC), P.O. Box 7512, Mbombela, South Africa;2. Department of Agriculture, University of Mpumalanga University, Private Bag X 11283, Mbombela, South Africa;3. Kakuzi Farms, Thika, Kenya;4. Rungwe Avocado Company Farm, Tukuyu, Tanzania;5. International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya;1. Postharvest Technology Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, Pretoria, South Africa;2. Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy;1. University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, Nairobi, Kenya;2. International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya;3. Moi University College, Kenya;4. West and Central African Council for Agricultural Research for Development (CORAF) - 7, Avenue Bourguiba - B.P.48, Dakar, Senegal;1. The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;2. The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 3230, Waikato Mail Centre, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand;1. Katherine Research Station, Department of Primary Industry and Resources, Northern Territory Government,South Stuart Highway, Katherine, Northern Territory 0850, Australia;2. Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida,18905 S.W. 280 Street, Homestead, FL 33031, USA;3. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University,11200 S.W. 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA;4. Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University,District 1, Daneshjou Boulevard, Tehran 1983969411, Iran |
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| Abstract: | The oriental (invasive) fruit fly Bactrocera (invadens) dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) has invaded Africa and is currently established in over 30 countries and has caused in massive fruit losses. Avocado (Persea americana Miller) is among the fruit with which the pest is associated. The aim of the study was to determine the host status of a ‘black-skinned’ cultivar “Hass” and two ‘green-skinned’ cultivars “Pinkerton” and “Fuerte” to B. (invadens) dorsalis. In the laboratory study conducted in Kenya in 2012 and 2013, punctured and unpunctured recently-harvested fruit were exposed to sexually-mature fruit fly in ‘no-choice’ experiments. B. (invadens) dorsalis readily developed in the punctured fruit but not in the uncompromised fruit (fruit not damaged by insects or handling). This result was confirmed in Tanzania in 2013 where flies were introduced to unpunctured fruit. In the field studies the fruit of each cultivar were caged in situ with flies for 72 h. On dissection only fruit damaged by false codling moth (Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick)) were found to harbor B. (invadens) dorsalis. In the light of these results the risk imposed for “Hass”, “Pinkerton” and “Fuerte” by B. (invadens) dorsalis is negligible under standard export conditions. The findings of this study and the implications to regional and international trade are discussed. |
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| Keywords: | Host status Invasive fruit fly “Hass” “Pinkerton” “Fuerte” |
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