Management of peanut pod rot I: Disease dynamics and sampling |
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| Institution: | 1. Texas A&M AgriLife Research, 1102 E. FM 1294, Lubbock, TX 79403, USA;2. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service, 209 S. 5th St., Brownfield, TX 79316, USA;3. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service, 101 S. Main St., Seminole, TX 79360, USA;4. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service, 6500 Amarillo Blvd. West, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA;5. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service, 1102 E. FM 1294, Lubbock, TX 79403, USA;1. Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China;2. School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, China;1. College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, PR China;2. Fujian Shangshan Construction Engineering co. LTD, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350000, PR China;1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China;2. Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu Province, China;3. Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Research of Red Soil, Experimental Station of Red Soil, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangxi Province, China;1. College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Shandong Province 271018, China;2. College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biology of Vegetable Pests and Diseases, Shandong Province 271018, China;3. Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China |
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| Abstract: | Peanut fields are monitored for pod rot, which is typically caused by Pythium spp. and Rhizoctonia solani, in order to determine need, and the type and timing of fungicide applications. Pod rot can lead to damaged peanut kernels and when damage exceeds 2.49%, substantial price reductions occur. Nine fields or tests were sampled weekly for pod rot during the 2009 through 2012 growing seasons. The sampling was conducted on fields treated uniformly with fungicides for pod rot or within large research plots with various fungicide treatments. Pythium myriotylum was the most frequently identified pathogen species, although Rhizoctonia spp. were also recovered from diseased pods at all sites. Pod rot incidence was related to percent damaged kernels at harvest in 3 of 5 sites. Collection of 304 samples (sample unit = 46 cm of row) in a field was required to estimate 1% pod rot accurately (CV = 20%). There was a linear relationship between average % pod rot in a field, and the percentage of sampling units (absence/presence) with pod rot at low disease incidences. Scouting for pod rot of peanuts to make in-season fungicide applications will be hampered by high sample number, destructive sampling of plants, frequent sampling (due to rapid increase of disease), and the poor relationship between disease during the season and kernel damage at harvest. Making one preventative application at 60–70 days after planting may be a better practice than timing the initial fungicide application based on sampling for disease. |
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| Keywords: | Pod rot Sampling DK"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0040"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"damaged kernels |
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