Does orientation of raft helps in augmenting yield during lean period?: A case study of Gracilaria edulis cultivation in open sea by vertical raft alignment along the south-eastern coast of India |
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| Institution: | 1. Marine Algal Research Station, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Mandapam Camp – 623 519, India;2. Wind Engineering Laboratory, CSIR-Structural Engineering Research Centre, Taramani, Chennai, 600113, India;3. Shock and Vibration Group, CSIR-Structural Engineering Research Centre, Taramani, Chennai, 600113, India;4. Division of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, CSIR- Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364002, India;5. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR, New Delhi, 110 001, India;1. College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK;2. National Lobster Hatchery, Padstow, Cornwall, UK;1. Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, P.O. Box 3995, Bandar Abbas, Iran;2. Department of Modern Technologies, Mangrove Forests Research Center, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran;3. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Shrimp Research Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bushehr, Iran;4. Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran;5. Fisheries Department, Natural Resources Faculty, University of Kurdistan, Zip Code: 66177-15175, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran;1. Department of Engineering Cybernetics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), O. S. Bragstads plass 2D, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway;2. Nofima, Sjølsengvegen 22, NO-6600 Sunndalsøra, Norway;3. SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture, NO-7465 Trondheim, Norway;4. Nofima, NO-5828 Bergen, Norway;1. SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture, NO-7465 Trondheim, Norway;2. NTNU Department of Engineering Cybernetics, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway;3. Nofima, NO-6600 Sunndalsøra, Norway;4. AllerAqua AS, Allervej 130, 6070 Christiansfeld, Denmark;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1, Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan;2. Department of Science of Technology Innovation, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan;3. Taisei Corporation, 1-25-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 163-0606, Japan |
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| Abstract: | The food grade agar in India has been almost exclusively obtained from Gracilaria edulis, but the industrial production overwhelmingly relies on exploitation of natural resources. United Nations efforts through Food and Agriculture Organization under Bay of Bengal Program highlighted the necessity of undertaking commercial farming of this species along Indian coast for socio-economic benefits. The pilot-scale experiments established viability of large-scale cultivation by floating raft method. Nevertheless, drastic reduction in yield and quality during summer months due to enhanced sedimentation and severe epiphytism is found to be a major hindrance. Altering the positioning of rafts from horizontal to vertical alignment improved the growth and yield under open sea condition at two different locations along south east coast of India. The average yield in horizontal raft was found to be 3.08 ± 0.61 kg fr wt raft?1 with corresponding DGR of 1.87 ± 0.63% day?1 while same in case of vertical rafts was 13.76 ± 3.86 kg fr wt raft?1 and 5.00 ± 0.5% day?1 in Gulf of Mannar under 45 days growth cycle. The corresponding values along Palk Bay were 2.98 ± 0.52 g fr wt raft?1 and 1.38 ± 0.42% day?1 for horizontal raft and 13.02 ± 6.06 kg fr wt raft?1 and 4.14 ± 1.18% day?1 for vertical raft. ANOVA clearly indicated that raft position significantly influenced the biomass yield and DGR at Palk Bay (F = 75.77; F = 112.81) as well as Gulf of Mannar (F = 27.21; F = 59.16) at p = 0.001. The increment of 1.9–2.6% in fresh weight of individual frond was reported in vertically aligned rafts. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based unsteady numerical simulations have confirmed that vertical alignment of raft facilitates relatively free movement of water due to which sedimentation and epiphytism are either minimised or eliminated. Thus these studies can help us to deduce important conclusions pertaining to management of sustained commercial cultivation of this alga in Indian waters. |
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| Keywords: | Agar Aquaculture Orientation Raft Yield |
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