| 孕穗期低温对小麦幼穗发育及产量的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 杨丽,李洋,王佳勤,张安民,黄正来,马尚宇,樊永惠,张文静.孕穗期低温对小麦幼穗发育及产量的影响[J].核农学报,2022,36(12):2490-2500. |
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| 作者姓名： | 杨丽 李洋 王佳勤 张安民 黄正来 马尚宇 樊永惠 张文静 |
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| 作者单位： | 安徽农业大学农学院,安徽 合肥 230036 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(31801285);安徽省科技重大专项(202003a06020014);安徽农业大学农业技术推广“揭榜挂帅”项目(2021kjtg003) |
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| 摘 要： | 为了探究孕穗期低温胁迫对小麦幼穗蔗糖代谢和内源激素含量的影响,以温度敏感性不同的小麦品种为材料,采用盆栽试验,在小麦孕穗期于人工气候室内模拟低温胁迫,测定小麦幼穗穗轴维管束数目、蔗糖代谢相关酶活性及基因表达特征、内源激素含量以及产量构成因素。结果表明,孕穗期低温胁迫后,小麦幼穗穗轴维管束数目减少,幼穗蔗糖含量增加,蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性增强;蔗糖合成酶(SS)活性在2℃处理下升高,在0℃和-2℃处理条件下活性降低;随着处理温度的降低,尿苷二磷酸-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(UGP)活性与转化酶(Inv)活性下降幅度逐渐增大。孕穗期低温胁迫后,小麦幼穗小花中细胞壁转化酶基因IVR1和液泡转化酶基因IVR5表达量受到抑制,幼穗中生长素(IAA)与赤霉素(GA)含量下降,脱落酸(ABA)含量增加,小麦穗粒数和千粒重均显著下降。综上,孕穗期低温胁迫导致小麦幼穗穗轴维管束数目减少,幼穗中蔗糖积累,蔗糖代谢相关酶活性、基因表达及内源激素含量发生显著变化,严重影响了小麦产量的形成。本研究结果为小麦抗逆减灾和高产稳产研究提供了理论依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 小麦 孕穗期低温 蔗糖代谢 激素含量 产量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-01-24 |
Effects of Low Temperature at Booting Stage on Young Ears Development and Yield of Wheat |
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| YANG Li,LI Yang,WANG Jiaqin,ZHANG Anmin,HUANG Zhenglai,MA Shangyu,FAN Yonghui,ZHANG Wenjing.Effects of Low Temperature at Booting Stage on Young Ears Development and Yield of Wheat[J].Acta Agriculturae Nucleatae Sinica,2022,36(12):2490-2500. |
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| Authors: | YANG Li LI Yang WANG Jiaqin ZHANG Anmin HUANG Zhenglai MA Shangyu FAN Yonghui ZHANG Wenjing |
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| Institution: | College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036 |
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| Abstract: | In order to investigate effect of young ears of sucrose metabolism and endogenous hormone levels of wheat under low temperature at booting stage, a pot experiment was conducted to cultivate two wheat varieties with different cold tolerance, and the young ears of wheat were measured in an artificial climate chamber at the booting stage. The physiological indicators related to the number of cob vascular bundle number, sucrose metabolism related enzyme activity and Invertase gene expression abundance, endogenous hormone content and yield components of young ears were determined. The results indicated that the number of vascular bundles of the spikelet decreased, and the sucrose content of the spikelet and the sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity increased. The activity of sucrose synthase (SS) increased at 2℃, but decreased at 0℃ and -2℃. The activity of uridine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP) and Invertase (Inv) decreased,and the decrease extent was increased with the increase of treatment temperature. The expression levels of cell wall invertase genes IVR1 and vacuolar invertase genes IVR5 were inhibited in young ears florets of wheat under low temperature at booting stage. The contents of auxin (IAA) and gibberellin (GA) decreased, and abscisic acid (ABA) increased in young ears under low temperature stress. Grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight of wheat decreased significantly under low temperature stress. The number of cob vascular bundle number decreased, sucrose content accumulated, the activity of sucrose metabolism related enzyme, gene expression levels and endogenous hormone content of young ears changed under low temperature stress at booting stage, which seriously affected the formation of wheat yield. Overall, this study provides fundamental insights into the resilience, disaster reduction and high and stable yields of wheat. |
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| Keywords: | wheat low temperature at booting stage sucrose metabolism hormone content yield |
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