Research on the sedimentation and erosion problem of the Ergene River Basin in Western Turkey and precautions to control it |
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| Authors: | I Kocaman F Konukcu A Istanbulluoglu |
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| Institution: | (1) Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, Agricultural Construction and Irrigation Department, Trakya University, TR-59030 Tekirdag, Turkey |
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| Abstract: | The objective of this study was to asses the rainfall-runoff-sedimentation relationship from directly measured data since 1972, to find out the effect of the present land use and soil cultivation techniques on the sediment yield, and to offer practical solutions to the problems in the Ergene River Basins located in the European Part of Turkey. The suspended sediment yield was calculated by multiplying the daily average discharged water by the average sediment concentration, while the eroded coarse sediment yield was computed using a regression equation developed by the Japanese Ministry of Construction. The relationship between the runoff and suspended sediment rates was explained exponentially as S = 1.99 Q A 1.62 (P > 0.01 and R 2 = 0.846) (S is the suspended sediment rate in t d?1, and Q A is the average daily runoff rate in m3 s?1). The suspended sediment rates of the Ergene Basin can then be predicted from the flow rate at any time of the year using this produced regression equation. According to the results, 70% of the basin’s soil (9534 km2 and occupying 81.76% of the total area of the region) is under erosion hazard varying in intensity, namely, 25.3% light, 34.6% moderate, 8.6% strong, and 1.5% very strong. 47.09% of the average 604 mm precipitation falls in the critical period of October–January in terms of the sedimentation. The coarse and suspended sediment yield was 74.040 t km?2 per year, which was well below the average for Turkey. However, it was 2 and 2.5 times larger than the average for Europe and Africa, respectively. Because 76.93% of the eroded land is in the 1rst, 2nd, and 3rd class, the severity of the sedimentation situation is proved. The causes of the high sediment yield were identified, and a series of precautions were suggested to minimize them. |
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