Organic Seed-treatment as a Substitute for Chemical Seed-treatment to Control Common Bunt of Wheat |
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| Authors: | Munzer El-Naimi Hala Toubia-Rahme Omar F Mamluk |
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| Institution: | (1) International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), P.O. Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria;(2) Present address: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, P.O. Box 5012, Fargo, ND 58105-5012, USA |
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| Abstract: | Common bunt of wheat, caused by Tilletia laevis and T. tritici, is a major seed and soil-borne disease in West Asia and North Africa. The use of resistant cultivars and chemical seed-treatments are the current control measures used to combat this disease. The aim of this study was to investigate alternative control measures to chemical seed-treatments that are environmentally friendly to support cultivar resistance. Several organic nutrients skimmed milk powder, hucket (local skimmed milk) and wheat flour] at a concentration of 160 g per kg of seeds were used as seed-treatments on two susceptible bread and durum wheat cultivars (Bau and Sebou, respectively) to examine their effectiveness in controlling the disease. Field trials over four years showed that skimmed milk powder, hucket, and wheat flour reduced common bunt infection levels by 96%, 93% and 62%, respectively. In most cases, the effectiveness of the skimmed milk powder and hucket was equal to the chemical seed-treatment; thus, these organic nutrients offer an effective and environmentally safe alternative to chemical treatments. However, a study of their economic value as well as of their effect on seed germination, and field emergence is needed. |
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| Keywords: | hucket Mediterranean basin skimmed milk Tilletia laevis T tritici WANA region |
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