| 控释尿素与尿素配施对杭白菊产量和氮肥利用率的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 祝丽香,毕建杰,王建华,辛永东.控释尿素与尿素配施对杭白菊产量和氮肥利用率的影响[J].园艺学报,2013,40(4):782. |
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| 作者姓名： | 祝丽香 毕建杰 王建华 辛永东 |
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| 作者单位： | （山东农业大学农学院，作物生物学国家重点实验室，山东省作物生物学重点实验室，山东泰安 271018） |
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| 基金项目： | ‘十二五’国家科技支撑计划项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 在大田栽培适量施肥和减量施肥条件下研究施用尿素、尿素与控释尿素配施对杭白菊
（Chrysanthemum morifolium）产量和氮素利用率的影响。设6 个处理：对照不施氮肥（CK11）；适量施肥
氮肥为尿素（N11）、适量施肥氮肥为尿素与控释尿素配施（N12）；减量施肥氮磷钾施用量均减少1/4，对
照不施氮肥（CK22），减量施肥为尿素（N21），减量施肥尿素与控释尿素配施减量施肥（N22）。结果表明，
与对照相比，施氮处理提高了株花序数、花序直径和单花序质重。采收期，施肥量相同时，控释尿素与
尿素配施茎叶部氮素分配比例低于单施尿素处理，花部高于单施尿素处理，表明控释尿素与尿素配施有
利于氮素向花序分配，提高产量。适量施肥杭白菊产量高于减量施肥。适量施肥控释尿素与尿素配施比
单施尿素增产87.96 kg · hm-2，比减量施肥控释尿素与尿素配施增产124.99 kg · hm-2。施用方式相同时，
适量施肥氮肥利用率高于减量施肥，氮肥农学利用率低于减量施肥。施肥量相同时，控释尿素与尿素配
施氮肥利用率、氮肥农学利用率高于单施尿素。在本试验条件下，施氮量120 kg · hm-2，控释尿素（150 d）
与尿素按1︰1 混合，基施用量占总施氮量50%，控释尿素（90 d）与尿素按1︰1 混合，8 月15 日追施孕
蕾肥，施用量占总氮量50%，效果最佳。
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| 关 键 词： | 杭白菊 控释尿素 尿素 |
Effects of Mixture of Controlled-release Urea and Conventional Urea on the Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Chrysanthemum morifolium |
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| ZHU Li-Xiang,BI Jian-Jie-,WANG Jian-Hua,XIN Yong-Dong.Effects of Mixture of Controlled-release Urea and Conventional Urea on the Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Chrysanthemum morifolium[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2013,40(4):782. |
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| Authors: | ZHU Li-Xiang BI Jian-Jie- WANG Jian-Hua XIN Yong-Dong |
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| Institution: | （College of Agronomy，Shandong Agricultural University，State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology，Shandong Key
Laboratory of Crop Biology，Tai’an 271018，China） |
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| Abstract: | Field experiment was conducted to study the effects of applying conventional urea，
conventional urea combined with controlled-release urea on Chrysanthemum morifolium yield and
nitrogen use efficiency. Six treatments with three replications were set up，i.e.，control（CK11），no nitrogen
fertilizer applied；Suitable fertilization rate including single conventional urea（N11），controlled-release
urea combined with conventional urea（N12），control（CK22），no nitrogen fertilizer applied，phosphorous
and potassium saved 1/4；Fertilization rate saved 1/4 including conventional urea（N21），controlled-urea
combined with conventional urea（N22）. Results showed that applying nitrogen fertilization increased
inflorescence diameter，inflorescence numbers per plant and dry weight per inflorescence significantly as
compared with control. At harvesting stage，controlled-release urea combined with conventional urea
decreased nitrogen distribution ratio to stem and leaf，and increased that to inflorescence comparing with
single conventional urea under same fertilization rate，this indicated that controlled-release urea combined
with conventional urea was more favorable to nitrogen allotting to inflorescence，and increased yield. Yield
under suitable fertilization rate was higher than fertilization rate saved 1/4. Under suitable fertilizer rate，
controlled-release urea combined with conventional urea increased yield by 87.96 kg · hm-2 compared with
single conventional urea，and 124.99 kg · hm-2 higher compared with the same nitrogen fertilization mode
under fertilization saved 1/4. Nitrogen use efficiency treated by suitable fertilization rate was higher than
that of treated by fertilization saved 1/4 under the same nitrogen fertilization mode，while nitrogen
agricultural use efficiency displayed reverse tendency. Both nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen
agricultural use efficiency treated by controlled-urea combined with conventional urea were significantly
higher than those of treated by single conventional urea under the same fertilization rate. Considering from
economic and practical view，controlled-release urea combined with conventional urea under suitable
fertilizer rate was the best nitrogen fertilization mode，namely the suitable nitrogen fertilization rate was
120 kg · hm-2. 50% of the total was used as basal，which was controlled-release urea（150 d）combined with
conventional urea at the ratio of 1︰1；50% of the total was used as dressing at vigorous stage，which was
controlled-release urea（90 d）combined with conventional urea at the ratio of 1︰1. |
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| Keywords: | Chrysanthemum morifolium Chrysanthemum morifolium controlled-release urea conventional urea |
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