| 水稻籽粒灌浆的发育遗传与分子生态特性研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 林文雄,李忠,陈军,张志兴,陈婷.水稻籽粒灌浆的发育遗传与分子生态特性研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(6):1237-1242. |
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| 作者姓名： | 林文雄 李忠 陈军 张志兴 陈婷 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 福建农林大学农业生态研究所福州 350002;福建农林大学作物生理与分子生态重点实验室 福州 350002
2. 福建农林大学农业生态研究所福州 350002 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(30871494）、教育部博士点基金项目(200803890006)和福建省重点学科经费项目资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 本文从发育遗传生理和分子生态学角度, 综述了近年来国内外研究水稻籽粒灌浆的现状与存在的问题。提出了水稻籽粒发育与物质充实涉及信号传递与多基因调控及其与环境互作的分子生态学过程。强、弱势粒由于基因时空表达模式和功能蛋白作用方式的不同, 导致不同粒位胚乳细胞发育程序、籽粒灌浆速率和干物质重的明显差异。已有研究结果表明, 强势粒发育灌浆早、充实快, 具有明显的遗传稳定性; 而弱势粒发育灌浆起步晚, 充实度较差, 易受环境调控。通过分子遗传改良和分子生态调节是改善弱势粒胚乳细胞健康顺利发育, 实时启动灌浆充实, 提高结实率和千粒重, 最终实现高产的两条有效途径, 已成为世界各国优先研究的领域。本文认为籽粒灌浆为何存在一个滞育期(stagnant phase), 强弱势粒在这一发育阶段基因表达和功能作用为何存在差异是值得深入研究和回答的科学问题。
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| 关 键 词： | 水稻 强、弱势粒 籽粒灌浆 基因表达调控 分子生态特性 滞育期 |
| 收稿时间： | 7/7/2011 12:00:00 AM |
| 修稿时间： | 2011/7/11 0:00:00 |
Developmental genetic and molecular ecological properties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain filling |
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| LIN Wen-Xiong,LI Zhong,CHEN Jun,ZHANG Zhi-Xing and CHEN Ting.Developmental genetic and molecular ecological properties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain filling[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2011,19(6):1237-1242. |
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| Authors: | LIN Wen-Xiong LI Zhong CHEN Jun ZHANG Zhi-Xing and CHEN Ting |
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| Institution: | Institute of Agricultural Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;Institute of Agricultural Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;Institute of Agricultural Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;Institute of Agricultural Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;Institute of Agricultural Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China |
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| Abstract: | From the perspectives of developmental genetics and molecular ecology, this study reviewed the current state and issues of local and international rice grain-filling research. The authors contended that rice grain development was a complicated molecular ecological process, involving signal transductions, multi-gene regulations and environmental interactions. Different gene expressions in space and time, coupled with the action modes of functional proteins in superior and inferior grains caused significant differences in developmental programs of endosperm cells, grain-filling rates and dry matter accumulation at different spikelet positions on the panicle. Previous studies showed that superior grains were usually filled earlier and faster, leading to a significant genetic stability. The reverse was true for inferior grains, where stagnant and poor properties were associated with seed development and grain filling. It was noted that genetic characters were easily regulated by environmental factors during inferior rice grain-filling. Molecular genetic manipulations and molecular ecological regulations were two effective ways of improving inferior grain endosperm cell development, timely initiation of inferior grain filling, high percent setting and 1000-grain weight, and high yield. It was therefore emphasized to deeply understand the underlying mechanisms and properties of genetic ecology in grain filling (and especially in inferior grain-filling processes). This had become a priority grain production research area across the globe. Based on current understandings, it was suggested to focus further studies on investigating and answering the critical scientific questions of why there existed a stagnant phase in inferior grain filling and how different were protein expressions and associated functions of relevant genes between superior and inferior grains during the period of grain-filling. |
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| Keywords: | Rice Superior and inferior rice grain Grain filling Gene expression regulation Molecular ecological property Stagnant phase |
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