| 地形因子对喀斯特坡面水土流失影响的机理研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 王恒松,熊康宁,张芳美.地形因子对喀斯特坡面水土流失影响的机理研究[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(4):1-7. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王恒松 熊康宁 张芳美 |
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| 作者单位： | 贵州师范大学喀斯特研究院, 贵州贵阳 550001;贵州省喀斯特山地生态环境国家重点实验室培育基地, 贵州贵阳 550001;贵州师范大学喀斯特研究院, 贵州贵阳 550001;贵州省喀斯特山地生态环境国家重点实验室培育基地, 贵州贵阳 550001;贵州师范大学外国语学院, 贵州贵阳 550001 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家"十二五"科技支撑计划重大课题"喀斯特高原峡谷石漠化综合治理技术与示范"(2011BAC09B01); 贵州师范大学博士基金项目; 贵州省科技厅社会发展攻关项目(黔科合SZ字[2004]3036号) |
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| 摘 要： | 目的]通过对贵州喀斯特高原山地、盆地和峡谷3种典型地貌单元水土流失机理的研究,揭示坡度、坡长、坡形、坡位、坡向和微地形等地形因子对区域水土流失的影响,为综合防治喀斯特地区水土流失提供理论依据。方法]基于标准径流场监测和侵蚀基线法对3种地貌单元进行多年水土流失监测,运用Excel和SPSS统计软件对数据进行分析。结果]坡度是最直接影响坡面水土流失的态势因子,土壤侵蚀量是随坡度增加而增大,25°为临界坡度;喀斯特坡面的坡长对水土流失的影响并不明显;坡形通过坡位和坡向来影响水土流失,坡位对水土流失的影响规律表现为:坡面下部坡面中部坡面上部,向阳坡的土壤侵蚀大于背阴坡;微地形对水土流失的影响非常明显,凸出地段常被侵蚀,凹陷带常形成堆积。结论]影响喀斯特地区水土流失的机理是多种因素联合作用,地形因子相互影响共同控制着喀斯特坡面水土流失的发生与变化趋势。
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| 关 键 词： | 地形因子 喀斯特坡面 水土流失机理 地貌单元 |
| 收稿时间： | 3/3/2014 12:00:00 AM |
| 修稿时间： | 6/7/2014 12:00:00 AM |
Mechanism Study on Effects of Terrain on Soil Erosion of Karst Slope |
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| WANG Hengsong,XIONG Kangning and ZHANG Fangmei.Mechanism Study on Effects of Terrain on Soil Erosion of Karst Slope[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,35(4):1-7. |
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| Authors: | WANG Hengsong XIONG Kangning and ZHANG Fangmei |
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| Institution: | School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China;State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Karst Mountain Ecology Environment of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China;School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China;State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Karst Mountain Ecology Environment of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China;School of Foreign Languages, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China |
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| Abstract: | Objective] A study of soil and water loss was conducted on three typical geomorphic styles(karst plateau mountain, basin and canyon) in Guizhou Province in order to reveal the effects of landform factors(gradient, slope length, slope shape, slope position, slope exposure and micro topography) on the loss of regional soil and water, and to provide a theoretical basis for integrated prevention of soil and water loss in karst area. Methods] Using the flow monitoring in standard runoff fields and erosion baseline method, many years' data of soil and water loss of 3 types of geomorphic style were obtained. Data were analyzed by Excel and SPSS software. Results] Slope gradient was the leading direct trend factor that can influence the slope loss of soil and water. Soil erosion increased with the increase of slope degree and 25 degrees was the critical gradient. Slope length of karst slope was not an obvious affecting factor on soil and water loss. Slope shape exerted indirect impaction on soil and water loss by slope position and slope direction. The influence rank of slope position on soil and water loss was that down slope > middle slope > upper slope. Soil erosion occurred on sunny slope was greater than that on the shady slope. It was very obvious that micro topography can obviously affect soil and water loss, erosion occurred easily on protuberant section, and deposit was often observed in slope hollows. Conclusion] Soil and water loss in karst area was a result of many factors. Terrain factors influenced each other and they controlled together the occurrence and trend of soil and water loss on karst slope. |
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| Keywords: | topographical factors karst slopes erosion mechanism geomorphic units |
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