Salt strategies to control Botrytis mold of ‘Benitaka’ table grapes and to maintain fruit quality during storage |
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| Institution: | 1. Agricultural Research Center, Plant Pathology Research Institute, 9 Gamaa St., 12619 Giza, Egypt;2. Department of Agronomy, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid (PR 445), km 380, P.O. Box 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil;1. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE) UNLP-CONICET, 113 and 61, 1900 La Plata, Argentina;2. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH) UNSAM-CONICET, Av Intendente Marino Km 8.2, Chascomús B7130IWA, Buenos Aires, Argentina;3. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), 47 and 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina;1. Dept Food Technology, University Miguel Hernández, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain;2. Dept Applied Biology, University Miguel Hernández, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain;3. Dept of Plant Breeding, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS-CSIC), Avd. Menéndez Pidal, S/N, 14080 Córdoba, Spain;1. Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy;2. Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), Centro di ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura (CREA-OFA), C.so Savoia, 190, 95024, Acireale (CT), Italy |
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| Abstract: | Gray mold is the most common postharvest disease of table grapes in most regions of the world. The effect of eight salts, namely sodium silicate (SSi), sodium sulphate (SS), sodium carbonate (SC), sodium bicarbonate (SB), iron chelate (Fech), iron sulphate (FeS), ammonium bicarbonate (AB), and ammonium oxalate (AO) was determined in vitro on mycelial growth and spore suspension of Botrytis cinerea. In particular, SSi, SC, SB, FeS, and AB completely inhibited pathogen growth at 0.25% concentration. Six salt solutions at 1%, immersion or spray, were tested to verify their effect on grapes artificially inoculated with B. cinerea. All salts significantly reduced the percentage of gray mold as compared to control except for Fech after one week at 22 ± 1 °C. Three salt solutions were applied, in vivo, according to different strategies: (i) spraying before harvest, (ii) immersion after harvest, and (iii) the combination of pre- and postharvest treatments. Water was involved as a negative control while Rovral (a.i. iprodione) and SO2 served for comparisons. After one month of cold storage at 2 ± 1 °C followed by one week of shelf-life at 22 ± 2 °C, the natural incidence of postharvest mold was mostly caused by B. cinerea. The efficacy of preharvest applications was noticeably high and statistically was not enhanced by further treatments after harvest. Salts applied only after harvest were not effective in suppressing Botrytis mold, with the exception of FeS. The influence of salts on physicochemical properties for berry quality was also monitored. The field application of salts can be considered as an appropriate regime to enhance their activity since no negative impact of their application on quality profile was observed. The incidence of gray mold can be significantly reduced using some salts which are safe for consumers and the environment. |
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| Keywords: | Safe chemical Total soluble solid |
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