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Ibuprofen Genotoxicity in Aquatic Environment: An Experimental Model Using Oreochromis niloticus |
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| Authors: | Marilaine Ragugnetti M?nica L Adams Ana T B Guimar?es Graziela Sponchiado Eliane Carvalho de Vasconcelos C??ntia Mara Ribas de Oliveira |
| Institution: | 1. N??cleo de Ci??ncias Biol??gicas e da Sa??de, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, PR, Brazil 7. Curso de Gradua??o em Farm??cia, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, PR, Brazil 2. N??cleo de Biologia, Centro Acad??mico de Vit??ria de Santo Ant?o??UFPE, Vit??ria de Santo Ant?o, PE, Brazil 3. Programa de P??s-Gradua??o em Ci??ncias Biol??gicas, Centro de Ci??ncias Biol??gicas, UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil 4. Mestrado Profissional em Gest?o Ambiental, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, PR, Brazil 5. Grupo de Pesquisa em Farmacologia e Fisiopatologia da pele, Programa de P??s-Gradua??o em Ci??ncias Farmac??uticas, Universidade Federal do Paran??, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil 6. Mestrado Profissional em Gest?o Ambiental, Universidade Positivo, Professor Pedro V. Parigot de Souza 5300. Campo Comprido, CEP 81280-330, Curitiba, Paran??, Brazil |
| Abstract: | Medicines and their metabolites have been found as water contaminants at very low concentrations; moreover, there is no extensive toxicological data to determine the risks associated with their occurrence in water resources. The ibuprofen genotoxicity potential to the Oreochromis niloticus fish (Tilapia), due to nanograms per liter exposure, was evaluated using the micronucleus test. Acute (48 h) and sub-chronic assays (10 days) were carried out at 300 ng/L ibuprofen aquatic concentration comparing with the negative control group (without treatment), with eight animals per group. The results were assessed from the average of triplicate analyses. The micronucleus frequency in peripheral blood of fish was determined using a sample size of 3,000 erythrocytes per animal. Significance was defined using t test (p????0.05). The bioassay results showed a statistically significant increase in the frequency of micronuclei for both exposure times in comparison to the negative control. The micronucleus frequency observed for the sub-chronic tests was higher than the one identified in the acute assays. The observed ibuprofen genotoxic effects demonstrated an aquatic environmental risk of this pharmaceutical, which occurs for the used fish experimental model in lower concentration than previously described for other aquatic organisms. |
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