| 中国历史上森林破坏对水旱灾害的影响--试论森林的气候和水文效应 |
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| 引用本文： | 樊宝敏,董源,张钧成,印嘉佑.中国历史上森林破坏对水旱灾害的影响--试论森林的气候和水文效应[J].林业科学,2003,39(3):136-142. |
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| 作者姓名： | 樊宝敏 董源 张钧成 印嘉佑 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国林业科学研究院科技信息研究所,北京,100091
2. 北京林业大学林业史研究室,北京,100083 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家社会科学基金资助(编号01BZS016). |
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| 摘 要： | 通过对中国历史资料的分析，结合已有研究成果，对我国历史上由于森林的大幅度减少所造成的黄河、长江等流域的洪水和西北地区的气候干旱、沙漠化，进行了系统的分析研究。结果表明：4000年间，由于人口的增长和人为不合理的活动，我国森林覆盖率约由60％下降到10％左右，毁林先是在黄河流域，后来扩展到长江流域等几乎全国所有的林区。黄河、长江上中游地区大规模的森林破坏，导致了中下游地区发生严重而频繁的洪水灾害，而且越到后来就愈加严重。中国东南方地区的森林减少，导致了我国西北地区的气候干旱、降雨减少，使得400mm等雨量线向东南偏移，进而这些地区湖泊干涸、沙漠不断扩张。据此，一方面，为了减轻中下游地区的洪水，我国必须狠抓江河上中游地区的植被建设；另一方面，为了扼制西北地区沙漠化的扩张，必须在东南地区大力培育森林，且要遵循“自东南而西北”的战略方向逐步推进。
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| 关 键 词： | 中国 历史 森林破坏 水旱灾害 影响因素 气候 水文效应 森林覆盖率 |
| 修稿时间： | 2001年10月17 |
EFFECTS ON FLOOD AND DROUGHT SINCE THE DESTRUCTION OF FORESTS IN CHINA: A DISCUSSION ON HYDRO-CLIMATIC EFFECTS OF FOREST |
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| Fan Baomin.EFFECTS ON FLOOD AND DROUGHT SINCE THE DESTRUCTION OF FORESTS IN CHINA: A DISCUSSION ON HYDRO-CLIMATIC EFFECTS OF FOREST[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2003,39(3):136-142. |
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| Authors: | Fan Baomin |
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| Abstract: | As a long historic and rich recording country, China has conditions to review the relations among forest, flood, drought and desertification in historic view of thousands of years. Based on the analysis of Chinese historic data, combining with other results of research on history, the floods occurred in Yellow River and Yangtse River basin, drought and desertification enhanced in Northwest China, which resulted from deforestation in large degree, were studied systematically. The result showed: (1) In the past 4 000 a, since human population increase and its unreasonable activities, the percentage of forest cover in China dropped from 60% to 10% or so. The places of deforestation were in Yellow River basin mainly first, then it enlarged to Yangtse River basin and almost all the forest area of China. (2) The mass vanishing of forests in the upper and middle reaches of Yellow River and Yangtse River lead to a series of floods in its middle and lower districts. Its severity degree got much higher as times nearer. (3) The deforestation in Southeast China induced climate drought, precipitation scarcity, lakes dry up and desertification outspread. The equal precipitation line of 400 mm shifted from northwest to southeast. (4) Therefore, in one hand, we should regenerate forest in upper and middle reaches of rivers greatly aims to alleviate floods in middle and lower districts. In another hand, in order to prevent and control the desertification in Northwest China, forest breeding in Southeast China should be implemented and the principal of `step by step' must be followed. |
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| Keywords: | Deforestation Flood Drought Desertification Ecological construction Forest history |
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