| 基于"门槛-供需"耦合视角的县域农村生活可达性评价 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 杨兆晨,刘耀林,罗璇,安睿,姜永祯.基于"门槛-供需"耦合视角的县域农村生活可达性评价[J].农业工程学报,2022,38(11):279-288. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 杨兆晨 刘耀林 罗璇 安睿 姜永祯 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 武汉大学资源与环境科学学院,武汉 430079 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（41771432） |
| |
| 摘 要： | 在乡村振兴背景下,农村生活设施布局优化对乡村发展、农村居民幸福感提升具有重要意义。针对农村可达性研究中评价对象与视角单一等问题,考虑四类生活设施,采用"面向服务需求的等时线分析方法"与改进的"两步移动搜索法",从"门槛"与"供需"角度分析高安市农村生活可达性的空间分布特征,进而提出一种基于耦合视角的可达性分区模式,并探讨农村生活可达性的驱动机制与优化路径。结果表明：1）从最低时间成本来看,农村学前教育、大病就医、物流快递、文体活动均存在较大障碍,城乡发展的不均衡现象显著。2）从供需关系来看,教育资源与人口形成相对平衡的区域供需关系。部分乡镇中心医疗设施供给高于城区,商业与文体的供给普遍具有明显的城镇偏向性。3）基于"门槛-供需"耦合视角的农村可达性分区将高安市按四类设施分为高门槛-低供给、高门槛-高供给、低门槛-低供给、低门槛-高供给四种可达区和不可达区。农村生活可达性受空间阻抗与供需关系的影响,可从空间关系调整、生活设施与道路建设、生活服务服务要素流动三方面进行优化。研究可为县域农村生活设施、农村居民点的布局优化提供借鉴和参考。
|
| 关 键 词： | 生活设施 可达性 分区 等时圈 改进的两步移动搜索法（2SFCA） 蜂窝格网 优化路径 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022/4/9 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2022/5/4 0:00:00 |
Evaluation of the rural accessibility at a county level from the coupling perspective of "Threshold-Supply and Demand" |
| |
| Yang Zhaochen,Liu Yaolin,Luo Xuan,An Rui,Jiang Yongzhen.Evaluation of the rural accessibility at a county level from the coupling perspective of "Threshold-Supply and Demand"[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2022,38(11):279-288. |
| |
| Authors: | Yang Zhaochen Liu Yaolin Luo Xuan An Rui Jiang Yongzhen |
| |
| Institution: | School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China |
| |
| Abstract: | Rural accessibility can depend mainly on the services and facilities available, as well as the travel options for each group in the settlements. The layout of rural living facilities can be optimized to enhance the rural development and the happiness index of rural residents. The rural accessibility of facilities has gradually received much attention in recent years, since the rural revitalization strategy was launched in China. But, the current evaluation can be limited to a single evaluation object and perspective. Taking the Gao''an City, Yichun City, Jiangxi Province, China, as the study area, the spatial distribution characteristics of rural accessibility were analyzed from the perspectives of "Threshold- Supply and Demand". An accessibility zoning model was then proposed to determine the driving mechanism and optimization path of rural accessibility using a coupling perspective. Firstly, the accessibility evaluation index system of rural life was constructed by considering four types of facilities: education, medical, commercial and cultural, and sports, together with the needs of rural residents in daily life and the demand for higher facilities and services, as the living standard improved. Secondly, a network data set with the time cost was constructed using the ArcMap network analysis tool in the road network of Gao''an City. The "isochronous analysis method for service demand" was used to obtain the lowest time cost of reaching specific living facilities at any location. The "two-step floating catchment area method" was improved to calculate the accessibility from the supply perspective. In addition, an accessibility zoning model was proposed to identify the four accessibility types using the coupled perspective of "Threshold-Supply and Demand". There were different spatial distribution characteristics of facilities and settlements in the rural areas from those in cities. Finally, the accessibility model was evaluated on the influencing factors of rural accessibility for the optimal paths and specific measures. The results show that there were some large barriers to rural preschool education, medical treatment for major diseases, logistics, express delivery, and cultural and sports activities from the perspective of the minimum time cost, indicating the significant imbalance between urban and rural development. A relatively balanced regional supply and demand were observed in the education resources and population. The medical facilities presented a higher supply in some township centers than that in urban areas, whereas, there was an outstanding urban bias in the supply of commerce, culture, and sports. Four types (namely high threshold-low supply, high threshold-high supply, low threshold-low supply, low threshold-high supply) of accessible and inaccessible zones were divided in the Gao''an City under the rural accessibility zoning using the coupling perspective. Among them, the rural living accessibility was also influenced by the spatial impedance and supply-demand relationship. Three aspects can also be optimized: the spatial relationship adjustment, living facilities and road construction, and flow of living service elements. Therefore, decision-making can be very necessary to balance rural accessibility from different perspectives. A trade-off strategy between the different zoning and facilities can greatly contribute to optimal rural living and the layout of rural settlements. |
| |
| Keywords: | living facilities accessibility zoning isochronous circle improved two-step floating catchment area method (2SFCA) cellular grid optimal path |
|
| 点击此处可从《农业工程学报》浏览原始摘要信息 |
| 点击此处可从《农业工程学报》下载免费的PDF全文 |
|
